Reversible formation of metastable Sn-rich solid solution in SnO2-based anode for high-performance lithium storage

Advances in the Development of Single‐Atom Catalysts for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…[6][7][8][9][10] Since the commercialization of LIBs, their practical energy density has increased from 150 to 300 Wh kg −1 and is currently close to the theoretical value of 420 Wh kg −1 (1400 Wh L −1 ), which results in a development bottleneck. [11][12][13] As the theoretical energy density of LIBs is still insufficient for some applications, for example, electric vehicles, novel energystorage systems with elevated energy densities and cycling lifetimes are highly sought after.…”

Constructing Biomass‐Based Ultrahigh‐Rate Performance SnOy@C/SiOx Anode for LIBs via Disproportionation Effect

“…SnO 2 have already come into the sight of research as most potential anode candidates for their high theoretical specific capacity (4200 and 1494 mAh g −1 , respectively). [2,3] However, owing to their huge volume change, large voltage delay, lower initial Coulombic efficiency, and poor electronic conductivity, there are still bottlenecks for industrialization. [4][5][6][7] Numerous studies devoted to tackling these issues, such as designing nano-Si or nano-SnO 2 materials, [8,9] enclosing nano-Si or nano-SnO 2 into a MOF skeleton or graphite-like C matrix, [10][11][12] and doping heteroatom into the composite of C/SiO x or C/SnO x .…”

Tailoring SnO2 Defect States and Structure: Reviewing Bottom-Up Approaches to Control Size, Morphology, Electronic and Electrochemical Properties for Application in Batteries

“…On the other hand, Sn-metal nanoparticles tend to enlarge in order to reduce their surface-to-interface energy, i.e., Gibbs free energy, leading to the decrease in the number of active sites for Li 2 O nucleation and impeding the full particle conversion of Sn to SnO 2 . In fact, Sn coarsening is likely to be the major reason for the decay in energy capacity [ 5 , 28 , 29 ]. In addition, Li 2 O coarsens simultaneously and acts as an electron insulator because of its poor electronic conductivity and, thus, obstructs electron shuttling between electrodes.…”