Encephalopathy: case reportA 13-year-old boy developed encephalopathy during treatment with ifosfamide for abdominal rhabdomyosarcoma. The boy, who had abdominal rhabdomyosarcoma, started receiving IVA-protocol consisting of ifosfamide 3 g/day (3 g/m 2 /day) as an infusion administered over 3 hours, vincristine and dactinomycin [actinomycin] along with mesna. However, 10 days after treatment initiation, he developed seizures. An emergency computed tomography demonstrated hypo-dense right frontal brain lesions. No sensory or motor deficit was noted. Cerebral MRI showed subcortical lesions in T2 and FLAIR hyper signal, in T1 hypo signal, without restriction of the diffusion sequence and without enhancement after injection of gadolinium.Ifosfamide was discontinued. The boy's IVA-protocol was switched to VAC-protocol consisting of vincristine, dactinomycin and cyclophosphamide. Thereafter, definitive cessation of seizures was observed. No biological abnormality was detected. No specific treatment was required apart from switch to VAC protocol. Two weeks after discontinuation of ifosfamide, a control brain MRI was performed which revealed disappearance of previously observed brain lesions. Based on clinical presentation and investigational findings, he was diagnosed with encephalopathy secondary to ifosfamide.