Reversible dementia due to Neurocysticercosis: improvement of the racemose type with antihistamines

Machado-Porto, Gislaine Cristina Lopes; Lucato, Leandro Tavares; Porto, Fábio Henrique de Gobbi; Souza, Evandro de; Nitrini, Ricardo

doi:10.1590/s1980-57642015dn91000014

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…In Brazil, apart from epileptic seizures, gait disorders and cognitive disorders were associated and the evolution of the disease can vary from a few months to years. Neurological examination is dominated by imbalanced walk, enlargement of the sustentation polygon with frontal syndrome [ 5 ]. Other clinical presentations are headaches, acalculia, forgetfulness with behavioral disorders but always with a progressive evolution as for the case of Verma in India [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait and cognitive disorders revealing massive neurocysticercosis: a case report

Rabearisoa,

Rasaholiarison,

Razafimahefa

et al. 2024

Oxford Medical Case Reports

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Neurocysticercosis is frequent in Madagascar. Its clinical presentations depends on the topography of the lesions. We report a case with gait and cognitive disorders. A 49-year-old man, right-handed, with progressive gait disorders (small steps with magnetization). On examination, he had gait disorders, associated with frontal syndrome with Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scale of 10/18, a Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scale of 24/30, a constructive apraxia and a clock test disturbance. The brain CT scan showed massive lesions of fronto-parietal and temporal neurocysticercosis, meningeal neurocysticercosis with racemose forms. Lesions had different ages associated with a communicating hydrocephalus. Gait disturbance and cognitive function were improved after an evacuating lumbar puncture and cysticidal treatments. This case illustrate the importance of neurological examination in a patient with neurocysticercosis. Neurocysticercosis could be a curable cause of dementia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait and cognitive disorders revealing massive neurocysticercosis: a case report

Rabearisoa,

Rasaholiarison,

Razafimahefa

et al. 2024

Oxford Medical Case Reports

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“…Dementia has been described as a neuropsychiatric presentation of neurocysticercosis with a unique clinical feature – it is reversible and patients may fully recover, as reported by Machado-Porto et al in a 63-year-old woman with racemose neurocysticercosis. 84 , 85 Other than degenerative dementia with its higher prevalence in the elderly, neurocysticercosis-related dementia is observed in any age group. Neurocysticercosis-related dementia may represent the only manifestation of the infection, but dementia may also co-manifest with other neuropsychiatric symptoms like hallucinations and neurological presentations like seizures.…”

Section: Psychiatric Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Disorders of Neurocysticercosis: Narrative Review

El-Kady¹,

Allemailem

Almatroudi

et al. 2021

NDT

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Neurocysticercosis, the most common type of neuroparasitosis, is a condition in which the central nervous system (CNS) is infested with the pork tapeworm Taenia solium cysticercosis' larvae. Neurocysticercosis is the most widespread parasitic CNS disease worldwide, affecting more than 50 million individuals. As neurocysticercosis is prevalent in developing countries, the growing number of migrants and travelers increases prevalence in developed countries. Possible neuropsychiatric manifestations are depression, cognitive dysfunction, dementia, and visual hallucinations. Depending on the cysts' location in the CNS, focal neurology or psychiatric symptoms manifest. The diagnosis of neurocysticercosis is based on neuroimaging and serology. The correlation between specific symptoms and the cyst's location might help better understand psychiatric disorders' pathophysiology. Nonetheless, the exact prevalence of neurocysticercosis is seldom reported in patients with psychiatric disorders, which may be due to the lack of imaging availability in developing countries with a high prevalence.

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“…Free-floating cysts in ventricles, especially in the 4th ventricle can cause Brun's syndrome, characterized by intermittent foraminal obstruction induced by rotatory movements of head/neck and causing episodic recurrent headaches, vertigo, ataxia, drop attacks, loss of consciousness with rapid recovery. 15 Machado-Porto et al 16 described an uncommon presentation of reversible dementia due to underlying hydrocephalus caused by NCC in its racemose form. Dementia is a rare complication and sometimes the presenting feature in racemose NCC.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging Findings in Racemose Neurocysticercosis: Case Description and Literature Review

Kollia

Theodorou

Zervas

et al. 2021

J Neurosonol Neuroimag

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Neurocysticercosis (NCC), the most common central nervous system (CNS) parasitic infection among the immunocompetent population can imitate every clinical feature of brain-diseases accurately, drawing attention away from the real culprit and delaying the proper treatment. There are two types of NCC, the parenchymal and the extraparenchymal form. The extraparenchymal NCC include the ventricular cysticercosis, the subarachnoid cysts including giant cysts or racemose cysticercosis with chronic meningitis, the spinal (intra- or extramedullary) cysticercosis and the ophthalmic cysticercosis. It is estimated that about 30% of epilepsy cases in endemic countries are due to NCC and especially the racemose NCC is more aggressive and associated with higher mortality rates. There is a significant heterogeneity in clinical phenotypes, regarding the racemose NCC, which depends on the parasite load and evolutionary stage in association with its location in CNS and the host’s immune response. Crucial for the management of the racemose NCC is the early recognition of the symptoms and the swift initiation of antiparasitic therapy with anti-inflammatory agents in combination with the shunt-insertion in cases of obstructive hydrocephalus. In view of the former considerations we conducted a narrative literature review on racemose NCC and described the diagnostic challenges of a relevant case that we had evaluated in our Department of Neurology.

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Reversible dementia due to Neurocysticercosis: improvement of the racemose type with antihistamines

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Gait and cognitive disorders revealing massive neurocysticercosis: a case report

Gait and cognitive disorders revealing massive neurocysticercosis: a case report

Psychiatric Disorders of Neurocysticercosis: Narrative Review

Neuroimaging Findings in Racemose Neurocysticercosis: Case Description and Literature Review

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