Reversible data hiding scheme using reference pixel and multi-layer embedding

Reversible and adaptive image steganographic method

“…In this section, some classic reversible information hiding algorithms using image interpolation are reviewed, including NMI method [11], INP on maximum difference values [13], High Capacity Reversible Steganography using multilayer embedding (CRS) [18] and Reversible Data Hiding Scheme (RDHS) [15]. Let an input image, original image, cover image (or scaling-up), and stego image be I i , O i , C i and S i , respectively.…”

“…The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 introduces the image interpolation technique and information hiding algorithm proposed by Jung and Yoo [11], Lee and Huang [13], Zeng et al [15] and Tang et al [18]. Section 3 describes the proposed information hiding scheme and shows how the embedding capacity in the image interpolating method can be improved as well as good image quality being retained.…”

“…[14]. Using the idea of reference pixel and multilayer hiding, Zeng et al presented a Reversible Data Hiding Scheme (RDHS) based on the pixel difference histogram shifting to spare space for embedding secret information [15]. Based on image interpolation and direction order mechanism, Wang et al proposed a reversible data hiding for high quality images in spatial domain [16].…”

“…The proposed information hiding methods can also be classified into two kinds, such as irreversible information hiding schemes (e.g., [6][7][8][9][10]) and reversible information hiding algorithms (e.g., [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]). Irreversible steganographic techniques may generally obtain better embedding capacity and higher image quality.…”

An improved reversible image watermarking algorithm based on difference expansion

“…Zeng et al 16 developed the histogram translation reversible watermarking algorithm into pixel difference histogram. The differences between adjacent pixels in natural image are very small, which can increase the peak value and zero value in the difference histogram.…”