Reversible data hiding in compressed and encrypted images by using Kd-tree

Nasrullah, Nasrullah; Sang, Jun; Mateen, Muhammad; Akbar, Muhammad Azeem; Xiang, Hong

doi:10.1007/s11042-018-7130-y

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The percentage of each data variables were reported using the frequency tables. The frequencies defined can be used to compare variable within or across the groups and can also be suitable in nominal, ordinal and numerical data [11,[14][15][16]. In order to identify the factors, the occurrence of each factor was measured in the questionnaire.…”

Section: Data Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Privacy and Security Risks of Internet of Things: An Empirical Investigation

Hamza¹,

Akbar²,

Shafiq³

et al. 2019

Review of Computer Engineering Research

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The internet of things (IOT) is a phenomenon of connected devices over the internet to ease human life. It is a system where a separate computing device embedded with sensors is connected to other devices or to the cloud through the different infrastructures of the Internet. The implication of the IOT is still challenging in a geographically distributed environment. Particularly, the main challenges are associated with data privacy and security. In this study, we investigate in the report the risks/issue related to IoT data privacy and security from the existing literature for the last two years and provide a review. We identify a total of seven issues related to IoT data privacy and security. The findings revolved that Privacy, Security, confidentiality, and integrity are the most significant issues for IoT in the current era. The findings of this study provide the researchers with a body of knowledge about the critical issues faced by the users and practitioners of IOT across the globe. Contribution/Originality: In this paper, we conducted the literature review to find out the main challenges that are being faced by challenges related to privacy and security mainly, authentication and access control, confidentiality and integrity IOT devices users and as well as for IOT manufacturer. We highlighted seven, privacy, trust on the device and conducted a questionnaire survey from different organizations and from different research experts and ranked it accordingly.

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Section: Data Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Privacy and Security Risks of Internet of Things: An Empirical Investigation

Hamza¹,

Akbar²,

Shafiq³

et al. 2019

Review of Computer Engineering Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With a quad-tree based partition, an image block is divided into a series of non-overlapped blocks with various sizes, and a quad-tree corresponds to the image partition processing which records the size and location of each block. It is widely used in the image processing to compress the image partition information [30,31,32].…”

Section: B Image Partition Based On Quadtreementioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Reversible Integer Transformation and Quadtree-Based Partition

Chen

Chang

2020

IEEE Access

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This paper presents an improved secure reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted images based on integer transformation, which does not need using a data hider key to protect the embedded secret data. We first segment the original image into blocks of various sizes based on the quadtree-based image partition. For each block, we reserve m least significant bits (LSBs) of each pixel as embedding room based on the reversible integer transformation. In order to improve the security of the image encryption, we pad the mLSBs of each pixel using the corresponding (8-m) most significant bits (MSBs) information after the transformation, which protects the security of the encryption key. Then, we encrypt the transformed image with a standard stream cipher. After the image encryption, the data hider embeds the secret data in the mLSBs of the encrypted images through an exclusive or operation. On the receiving side, the receiver can extract the secret data after the image decryption and recover the original image without loss of quality. The security analysis shows that the proposed scheme improves the security weakness of the scheme directly using adaptive integer transformation. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a higher embedding ratio compared with several relevant methods. INDEX TERMS Data hiding, encrypted images, integer transformation, quadtree. SISHENG CHEN Shan Dong University, in 2005, and the M.S. degree in applied mathematics from Fujian Normal University, in 2008. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in information engineering and computer science, Feng Chia University, Taiwan. He is also a Lecturer with the Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University interests include multimedia security and CHIN-CHEN CHANG applied mathematics and the M.Sc. degree in computer and decision sciences from National Tsing Hua University, and the Ph.D. degree in computer engineering from National Chiao Tung University. He was with National Chung Cheng 1989 to 2005. He has been the Chair Professor with the

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“…In offshore software development environment the development activities are carried out at different geographically distributed sites. Globalization in the software industry has resulted in new challenges in the management of GSD projects [14,[30][31][32]. Reported problems encountered in managing GSD projects include challenges associated with inter-site communication [11], coordination [8], knowledge sharing [7] and issues related to inter-personal relationships in global teams [1].…”

Section: Literature Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical Study Investigation of Task Allocation Process Barriers in the Context of Offshore Software Development Outsourcing: An Organization Size Based Analysis

al.¹

2019

IJCDS

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Planning and managing the task allocation process in offshore software development outsourcing environment plays an important role in order to develop the good quality software with in time and budget. In this study we investigate the berries that negatively affect the task allocation process in geographically distributed development environment. A literature review and questionnaire survey approach was adopted in order to investigate the barriers of task allocation process. The investigated barriers were further classified into four core categories i.e. team, coordination, project administration and technology. A total of 14 barriers were identified from the literature and validated with organizational experts by using questionnaire survey. The findings revolved that all the survey respondents are agree with the findings of literature review. We further analyze the investigated barriers based on organizations size, to check the significant difference between the barriers with respect to organization size (small, medium and large). Moreover the categorization of the investigated barriers indicate that the project administration is the most significant category of investigated barriers of task allocation process. The findings of this study may helpful for researcher and practitioners to consider the most significant barriers of task allocation process in the context of offshore software development outsourcing environment.

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Reversible data hiding in compressed and encrypted images by using Kd-tree

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Identification of Privacy and Security Risks of Internet of Things: An Empirical Investigation

Identification of Privacy and Security Risks of Internet of Things: An Empirical Investigation

Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Reversible Integer Transformation and Quadtree-Based Partition

An empirical Study Investigation of Task Allocation Process Barriers in the Context of Offshore Software Development Outsourcing: An Organization Size Based Analysis

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