Reversible data hiding based on multilevel histogram modification and pixel value grouping

A new multilevel reversible bit-planes data hiding technique based on histogram shifting of efficient compressed domain

“…Block division effectively enriched the EC, since the whole capacity of data can be hidden in numerous blocks and is typically more than the single block. In the study, EC growth increased by block division, but all EC was contingent upon zero point [32]. In Liu et al [27], the hiding rate is escalated by the division of image from 256 × 256 ,16 × 16 , 8 × 8, 2 × 2, but PSNR persistently decreased from the size of 256 × 256 to 2 × 2 blocks division.…”

“…We compared our proposed schemes with those of Ni et al [17], Luo et al [13], He et al [32], Kim et al [11], Lin et al [25], Liu et al [27], He et al [31] methods in term of PSNR and EC. Ni et al's EC was restricted due to the number of peak bins, but has high PSNR at 48 dB; this scheme employs one grayscale to reform the utmost pixels and preserve the extra information like the value of PP, ZP and position information of those pixels which have overflow/underflow during the embedding process.…”

Implementation of Block-Based Hierarchical Prediction for Developing an Error-Propagation-Free Reversible Data Hiding Scheme

“…That is why the reversible data hiding techniques are often called the lossless data hiding techniques. Two main approaches for developing reversible data hiding techniques are the difference expansion (DE) [13][14][15][16] and the histogram shifting (HS) [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] approaches. Boato et al proposed a reversible data hiding scheme that combined the above two approaches in 2012 [15].…”

“…To increase the hiding capacity of HS, several residual histogram shifting (RHS) techniques had been proposed [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Different prediction strategies were introduced in these RHS techniques to increase the occurrences of the peak points in the residual image histogram.…”

“…Those reversible data hiding techniques mentioned above focused on the digital images in raw data format [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. With the increasing demand of privacy protection, the ability to embed information in an encrypted image is desired.…”