Reversible data hiding: Advances in the past two decades

Abstract

In the past two decades, reversible data hiding (RDH), also referred to as lossless or invertible data hiding, has gradually become a very active research area in the field of data hiding. This has been verified by more and more papers on increasingly wide-spread subjects in the field of RDH research that have been published these days. In this survey paper the various RDH algorithms and researches have been classified into the following six categories: 1) RDH into image spatial domain, 2) RDH into image compressed domain (e.g., JPEG), 3) RDH suitable for image semi-fragile authentication, 4) RDH with image contrast enhancement, 5) RDH into encrypted images, which is expected to have wide application in the cloud computation, and 6) RDH into video and into audio. For each of these six categories, the history of technical developments, the current state of the arts, and the possible future researches are presented and discussed. It is expected that the RDH technology and its applications in the real word will continue to move ahead.

Reversible data hiding using least square predictor via the LASSO

“…One of the mainstreams of the reversible data hiding is utilizing a combination of histogram shifting and prediction error expansion (PEE + HS) with good predictors. Comprehensive explanation of the various algorithms and their application can be available at [23].…”

General Framework of Reversible Watermarking Based on Asymmetric Histogram Shifting of Prediction Error

“…Reversible watermarking is a novel technology that embeds a digital mark in the carrier media with a reversible manner [1]. It has attracted many researchers' great interest because of the huge application in sensitivity areas, such as medicine, military, and law.…”

Reversible Data Hiding with Visual Effect Enhancement for Subjectively Low Quality Saturated Images

“…In RDH-CE, the first step is to pre-process the cover image by overlapping the boundary histogram bins so as to make room for HM-based data embedding; the second step is to perform data embedding using pairwise histogram shifting and histogram expansion. Since the subjective image quality is improved, RDH-CE attracts a considerable attention [1,[8][9][10].…”

“…Reversible data hiding (RDH) is a fragile data hiding technique in embedding data bits in a cover media (usually image) with the ability to fully restore the cover image during the completely extraction of embedded data [1]. Any distortion to the marked image breaks the reversibility.…”