Reversible contraception with chloroform extract of Carica papaya linn. seeds in male rabbits

Lohiya, N. K.; Pathak, Neelam; Mishra, Pradyumna Kumar; Manivannan, B.

doi:10.1016/s0890-6238(98)00055-0

Cited by 56 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…papaya have been well recognized to possess compounds that putatively control fertility. A preclinical, short-term evaluation through a series of experiments using various extraction procedures of the seeds of C. papaya revealed spermatogenic arrest, leading to azoospermia or total inhibition of sperm motility in rats, rabbits and langur monkeys [6,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The methanol subfraction (MSF) of the benzene chromatographic fraction of the chloroform extract of C. papaya seeds has been identified as a putative candidate for male contraception [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism of action after long-term treatment and the safety of longterm treatment are two other areas to be evaluated. It has been speculated that Sertoli cell factors are the primary contributors to azoospermia, mediated through the testis, and asthenozoospermia, mediated through the peritubular cells in the epididymis [13]. Yet another speculation is that the direct cytotoxic effect of the test substance on the germ cells leads to sterility [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been speculated that Sertoli cell factors are the primary contributors to azoospermia, mediated through the testis, and asthenozoospermia, mediated through the peritubular cells in the epididymis [13]. Yet another speculation is that the direct cytotoxic effect of the test substance on the germ cells leads to sterility [13,14]. Further insight into the subcellular characteristics of the testis is expected to provide better evidence for identifying the mode of action of the drug in the target tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sperm characteristics and ultrastructure of testes of rats after long-term treatment with the methanol subfraction of Carica papaya seeds

Manivannan

Mittal²,

Goyal³

et al. 2009

Asian J Androl

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The contraceptive efficacy of Carica papaya seeds after short-term evaluation has been well established. We have examined the safety and mechanism of contraception in rats after long-term treatment with the methanol subfraction (MSF) of C. papaya seeds. The test substance was administered orally to the male albino rats (n = 40) at 50 mg per kg body weight each day for 360 days. Control animals (n = 40) received olive oil as a vehicle. Recovery was assessed up to 120 days after treatment withdrawal. Sperm parameters, serum testosterone levels, fertility, histology and ultrastructure of the testis, haematology and serum clinical chemistry were evaluated to establish the safety and efficacy of the test substance. Safety of long-term treatment was evidenced by unaltered health status, organ weight, haematology and clinical chemistry, and by an increase in body weight. The mechanism of contraception was shown by reduction in nuclear and cytoplasmic volume, normal nuclear characteristics and vacuolization in the cytoplasmic organelles of the Sertoli cells, as well as nuclear degeneration in spermatocytes and spermatids indicating disturbed spermatogenesis. Leydig cells were normal. Initial effects were observed in Sertoli cells at 60 days of treatment. Spermatocytes and spermatids were affected after 120-240 days of treatment. A significant decline in sperm count and viability, total inhibition of sperm motility, increased numbers of sperm abnormalities, normal serum testosterone levels and 100% sterility were evident after 60 days of treatment. All the altered parameters, including percent fertility, were restored to control level 120 days after treatment withdrawal. It is concluded that the MSF is safe for long-term treatment and the mechanism of contraception is shown by its effect on spermatid differentiation in the testis, possibly mediated by the Sertoli cell factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sperm characteristics and ultrastructure of testes of rats after long-term treatment with the methanol subfraction of Carica papaya seeds

Manivannan

Mittal²,

Goyal³

et al. 2009

Asian J Androl

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“…An extensive investigation is being carried out in various animal models with various extracts of the seeds of papaya, to evaluate as a potential male contraceptive tool (Lohiya et al, 1999).The contraceptive efficacy and reversibility of the chloroform extract of the seeds of papaya in adult male rabbits were investigated. Sperm concentration showed a gradual decline, reached severe oligospermia (fewer than 20 million/ml) after 75 d treatment, and attained uniform azoospermia after 120 d treatment.…”

Section: The Contraceptive Efficacy and Reversibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The libido of the treated animals was unaffected and the fertility rate was zero. The effects were comparable in both the dose regimens (Groups II and III) and were restored to normal 45 d after withdrawal of the treatment (Lohiya et al, 1999). Goyal et al (2010) conducted a study to authenticate scientific documentation of the seeds of papaya being traditionally used for contraception and to establish safety of the methanol sub-fraction (MSF) of the seeds of papaya as a male contraceptive following long term oral treatment.…”

Section: The Contraceptive Efficacy and Reversibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Papaya: A gifted nutraceutical plant - a critical review of recent human health research

Karunamoorthi¹,

Kim²,

Jegajeevanram³

et al. 2014

TANG [HUMANITAS MEDICINE]

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The plant kingdom is considered to be a repository of modern medicine, attributable to their rich source of bio-active molecules and secondary metabolites. It is indeed the Nutraceuticals that enhance immunity and ensure a healthier life because of their prophylactic and therapeutic values. Over centuries, papaya [Caricaceae; (Carica papaya Linn.)] is a renowned nutritious and medicinal plant. Each part of the papaya like root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed, rinds, and latex has its own nutraceutical properties. It serves as food, cooking aid, and Ethnomedicine to prevent and treat wide-range of diseases and disorders. It has also been traditionally used as appetite enhancer, meat tenderizer, purgative, medicinal acne, abortifacient and vermifuge. Over decades, a series of scientific attempts were made to authenticate the nutraceutical properties of papaya. These studies validated that the papaya has antiplasmodial, antitrichochramal, antitrichomonal, antidengue, and anti-cancer activities. They have also exhibited that papaya possesses antiseptic, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and contraceptive features, and it helps in the management of sickle-cell anaemia, HIV, heart diseases and digestional disorders too. Nevertheless, the responsible bio-active molecules and their mode of actions remain indistinct and imprecise, and this calls for further pharmacological and clinical research on them. Conclusively, papaya is one of the naturally gifted plants; though its nutraceutical properties as a food or as a quasi-drug are poorly understood or undervalued by people. Accordingly, this scrutiny, demand for instigation of public health awareness campaigns to promote papaya consumption, so that the society shall acquire optimal benefits of papaya and in turn prevent and alleviate various diseases and illness.

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Valorization of agroindustrial wastes: Identification by LC‐MS and NMR of benzylglucosinolate from papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds, a protective agent against lipid oxidation in edible oils

2016

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In the present study we report the characterization of benzylglucosinolate (BG) isolated from papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds. A methanolic extract was fractionated and further purified by solid phase extraction (SPE). It was analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H and (13) C-NMR) as well, and the target compound BG was identified by these two techniques. The effect of BG on lipid oxidation in edible vegetable oil (EO) was shown by observing some lipid oxidation products (linoleic acid hydroperoxides, LHP; hexanal, HEX; nonanal, NON; thiobarbituric acid reactives species, TBARS). BG reduced lipid oxidation production in EO by over 80%, as compared to a control sample and in this way has proved to be a useful antioxidant, even more effective than some antioxidants used by food industry.

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Reversible contraception with chloroform extract of Carica papaya linn. seeds in male rabbits

Cited by 56 publications

References 11 publications

Sperm characteristics and ultrastructure of testes of rats after long-term treatment with the methanol subfraction of Carica papaya seeds

Sperm characteristics and ultrastructure of testes of rats after long-term treatment with the methanol subfraction of Carica papaya seeds

Papaya: A gifted nutraceutical plant - a critical review of recent human health research

Valorization of agroindustrial wastes: Identification by LC‐MS and NMR of benzylglucosinolate from papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds, a protective agent against lipid oxidation in edible oils

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