Reversible complex formation in organic chemical microscopy: a simple specific test for HMX

Scullion, H. J.; Lewis, Jeffrey D.

doi:10.1016/0039-9140(66)80173-x

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…In 1962, a solvate of HMX with N , N -dimethylformamide (DMF) was discovered. − This spurred extensive research on potential solvate former candidates for HMX, and to date almost 100 HMX solvates and cocrystals, hereafter referred to collectively as cocrystals, have been claimed. − Despite this level of activity, very few structures have been reported. In addition to HMX/DMF, the only other structurally characterized HMX cocrystals available from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) are HMX/ N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone and HMX/2,4-dinitro-2,4-diazapentane .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocrystals of 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane (HMX)

Landenberger

Matzger

2012

Crystal Growth & Design

179

131

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Energetic materials (energetics), including explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics, are an important class of materials for which performance depends critically on solid-state properties such as density and stability. Cocrystallization is emerging as a strategy to enhance materials properties of new and existing energetics; however, few examples exist where the principles to enable the successful engineering of such cocrystals have been delineated. To address this need, the cocrystallization of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane (HMX), a powerful and widely used explosive, was investigated. Seven cocrystals of HMX were structurally elucidated using single crystal X-ray diffraction. These cocrystal structures, in addition to three previously reported structures, reveal at least three distinct structural motifs by which HMX cocrystals form, each dictated by the electronic character and size of the cocrystal former. From these structures, general trends emerge having direct implications for cocrystal properties including density, packing coefficient, sensitivity to impact, and thermal behavior. In addition, these impact-insensitive energetic cocrystals can be restored to sensitive δ-HMX upon gentle heating, demonstrating the potential for these cocrystals to function as smart explosive materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocrystals of 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane (HMX)

Landenberger

Matzger

2012

Crystal Growth & Design

179

131

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Hydrogen bonding of HMX and RDX to unesterfied hydroxyl groups in nitrocellulose

Brodman¹,

Devine²,

Schwartz³

1976

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Quantitative effect of gritty contaminants on the sensitivity of high explosives to initiation by impact

Scullion

1970

J. Appl. Chem.

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Simplifying postulates facilitate the derivation of a two-parameter equation which relates the deterioration in impact insensitivity to the magnitude of grit additions. The impact insensitivity (cp) of an adulterated explosive is related to the insensitivity (cp,,,) of the uncontaminated explosive by the equation:where g is the weight fraction of added particulate grit (mixtures contained 0-0-1 % grit) and R and k are constants which depend on the explosive-grit system and the method of testing. The equation was found to be in reasonable accord with the results of a series of tests using TNT, RDX and HMX in various admixtures with fine, gritty particles.

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Reversible complex formation in organic chemical microscopy: a simple specific test for HMX

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Cocrystals of 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane (HMX)

Cocrystals of 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane (HMX)

Hydrogen bonding of HMX and RDX to unesterfied hydroxyl groups in nitrocellulose

Quantitative effect of gritty contaminants on the sensitivity of high explosives to initiation by impact

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