Abstract:ABSTRACT:Although ferruginous materials occur frequently in soils of tropical regions, information about the reversal of the hardening process of these materials is scarce. This study assessed the influence of different chemical treatments and periods of immersion on the reversibility of the hardening process of plinthite and petroplinthite in soils of the Araguaia River plain. Soil samples were collected from the plinthic horizons in 0.10 m high and 0.15 m diameter PVC cylinders and divided into subsamples wi… Show more
“…However, at the P3 observation point, the plinthite horizon properties (colored red at depth > 100 cm) were found. Martins et al (2018) stated that plinthite could be found in flat or slightly sloping areas, has high Fe, and is often exposed to seasonal groundwater levels. Plintithe is formed from the accumulation of iron hydroxide, quartz, and kaolinite.…”
Section: Soils Classification In Ayer Hitam Forest Reservementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The presence of iron in the plintithe is due to anaerobic water conditions. The iron ion content is transported, and precipitation occurs, forming soft clayey iron oxide, which hardens after drying (Martins et al 2018). Almost all soil profiles (P1 to P5) at a depth of more than 100 cm showed evidence of clay eluviation due to the lessivage process.…”
Section: Soils Classification In Ayer Hitam Forest Reservementioning
Morphology in forest soils has developed over a long time due to the non-intensive management of forest soils. Damage to forest soil occurs when there is logging activity, fire, or land use change. Some forest was used as productive land for example agroforestry and forest production. As with landuse in agriculture, intensive management of forests can also reduce soil productivity. Inaccuracy forest land use would cause environmental or economic damage, so basic soil management data in forest areas is needed. However, the soil morphology of the Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR) in Malaysiahas never been observed. The objective of this study is to assess the soil characteristic and soil morphological properties of theAHFR. Studying the characteristics of soil morphology in toposequent conditions is necessary to find out the differences in soil from different heights and the effects of erosion, transportation, and deposition on the soil. This study was conducted in the AHFR, Puchong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Peninsular Malaysia. Mapping of the area under investigation was carried out by conventional soil survey techniques with a physiographic approach using maps with a scale of 1:30,000. The results showed that AHFRhas some different soil morphological characteristics and classification in subgroupamong five different slope positions with similar soil order, which is a Ultisol soil. The soil in the AHFRis formed from highly weathered soil due to high rainfall in this location.The results of this study are important for soil development, identification management, and land use priority such as erosion control on steep-slope forest areas, regeneration and reforestation, and it can also be used for forest education, practice, research, and training activities.Keywords: Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, forest soil, soil morphology, toposequent, Ultisol soil
“…However, at the P3 observation point, the plinthite horizon properties (colored red at depth > 100 cm) were found. Martins et al (2018) stated that plinthite could be found in flat or slightly sloping areas, has high Fe, and is often exposed to seasonal groundwater levels. Plintithe is formed from the accumulation of iron hydroxide, quartz, and kaolinite.…”
Section: Soils Classification In Ayer Hitam Forest Reservementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The presence of iron in the plintithe is due to anaerobic water conditions. The iron ion content is transported, and precipitation occurs, forming soft clayey iron oxide, which hardens after drying (Martins et al 2018). Almost all soil profiles (P1 to P5) at a depth of more than 100 cm showed evidence of clay eluviation due to the lessivage process.…”
Section: Soils Classification In Ayer Hitam Forest Reservementioning
Morphology in forest soils has developed over a long time due to the non-intensive management of forest soils. Damage to forest soil occurs when there is logging activity, fire, or land use change. Some forest was used as productive land for example agroforestry and forest production. As with landuse in agriculture, intensive management of forests can also reduce soil productivity. Inaccuracy forest land use would cause environmental or economic damage, so basic soil management data in forest areas is needed. However, the soil morphology of the Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR) in Malaysiahas never been observed. The objective of this study is to assess the soil characteristic and soil morphological properties of theAHFR. Studying the characteristics of soil morphology in toposequent conditions is necessary to find out the differences in soil from different heights and the effects of erosion, transportation, and deposition on the soil. This study was conducted in the AHFR, Puchong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Peninsular Malaysia. Mapping of the area under investigation was carried out by conventional soil survey techniques with a physiographic approach using maps with a scale of 1:30,000. The results showed that AHFRhas some different soil morphological characteristics and classification in subgroupamong five different slope positions with similar soil order, which is a Ultisol soil. The soil in the AHFRis formed from highly weathered soil due to high rainfall in this location.The results of this study are important for soil development, identification management, and land use priority such as erosion control on steep-slope forest areas, regeneration and reforestation, and it can also be used for forest education, practice, research, and training activities.Keywords: Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, forest soil, soil morphology, toposequent, Ultisol soil
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