Reversed Phase HPLC-DAD Profiling of Carotenoids, Chlorophylls and Phenolic Compounds in Adiantum capillus-veneris Leaves

Abstract

Adiantum capillus-veneris is important endangered fern species with several medicinal properties. In this study, the leaves samples were extracted and separated using reversed phase HPLC with DAD for carotenoids, chlorophylls and phenolic compounds. Separation of carotenoids and chlorophylls were carried out using a tertiary gradient system of water, MTBE and methanol-water, while a binary gradient system of methanol-water-acetic acid was used for phenolic profiling. Results revealed eight carotenoids, four pheophytins, and two chlorophylls. Lutein (806.0 μg/g), chlorophyll b′ (410.0 μg/g), chlorophyll a (162.4 μg/g), 9′-Z-neoxanthin (142.8 μg/g) and all-E-violaxanthin (82.2 μg/g) were present in higher amounts. The relatively high amounts of lutein may be one of the key indicator of beneficial antioxidant properties. The phenolic profile revealed a total of 13 compounds, namely 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caftaric acid, kaempferol glycosides, p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, and quercetin glycosides. Kaempferol-3-sophorotrioside (58.7 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (28.5 mg/g), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (18.7 mg/g), coumaric acid (11.2 mg/g), and its derivative (33.1 mg/g) were present in high amounts. These results suggest that the reversed phase HPLC profiling of Adiantum leaves provides a better understanding in to the actual composition of bioactive compounds, which may be responsible for the potential medicinal properties. Adiantum leaves rich in important bioactive phytochemicals can be used as a possible source of nutraceuticals or as a functional food ingredient.

Nutritional and Antioxidant Potential of Fiddleheads from European Ferns

“…They reported the amounts to be 225 and 127.4 μg·g −1 DW for violaxanthin and zeaxanthin, respectively, while our values were only 56.9 and 2.54 μg·g −1 DW, respectively. Similarly, very high amounts of lutein and neoxanthin were reported to be present in Adiantum capillus - veneris (806 and 143 μg·g −1 DW, respectively), while our values were in average 157 and 37 μg·g −1 DW [ 37 ]. On the other hand, except for violaxanthin and β -carotene-5,6-epoxide, they did not report any other carotenoids to be present.…”

Phytochemical Profiling and Fingerprint Analysis of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Leaves of 66 Cultivars from Xinjiang Province

“…Thus, peak 17 was an isomer of chlorogenic acid other than neochlorogenic acid. Chlorogenic acid has strong antioxidative activity with biological properties such as inhibiting obesity by improving lipid metabolism [23][24][25][26]. Further studies on phenolic acids will be conducted in the future.…”

Impact of maturity on phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of medicinally important leaves of Ficus carica L.

“…A fresh solution of DPPH was made in methanol at a concentration of 0.1 mM. Aliquot of 1.90 mL of DPPH solution from the stock was mixed with 10 lL of diluted sample and kept in dark for 30 min at room temperature (Zeb and Ullah 2017). The absorbance was noted at 515 nm against blank.…”