Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of chlorophylls and carotenoids

Braumann, Thomas; Grimme, L. Horst

doi:10.1016/0005-2728(81)90204-8

Cited by 116 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Moreover, purification of lycopene is achieved using HPLC on inverse phase; this is the most used technique but it is particularly difficult and time consuming, since a long time gradient and ternary or quaternary solvent gradients must be used owing to the co-presence of unwanted compounds in the organic extract. 23 Moreover, the high purity of the obtained lycopene makes the process using the Naviglio extractor very appealing, and the pure trans-lycopene extracted could be used at a known dosage as a drug. The material obtained after extraction of the lycopene using the described procedure, e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of pure lycopene from industrial tomato by‐products in water using a new high‐pressure process

et al. 2008

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BACKGROUND: Lycopene, a precursor of β-carotene with a well-known antioxidant activity, contained in many natural products such as tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), watermelon, red pepper and papaya, is usually recovered from natural vegetal sources using organic solvents and a purification step. In this paper an innovative process for the extraction of pure lycopene from tomato waste in water that uses the Naviglio  extractor and water as extracting phase is presented.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of pure lycopene from industrial tomato by‐products in water using a new high‐pressure process

et al. 2008

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“…The samples were diluted 1:10 with water, NaCl was added to saturation, and the samples were repeatedly partitioned with 40 ml of diethyl ether until no color remained in the aqueous fraction. The ether was evaporated and the residues were saponified with 10% (wt/vol) KOH (in methanol) for (23,25). cis-Carotenoid isomers were characterized by rechromatography of iodine-treated trans-carotenoid isomers and by spectrophotometric analysis and predicted equilibrium stoichiometries (26,27).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aba mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is impaired in epoxy-carotenoid biosynthesis.

Rock

Zeevaart

1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

321

199

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The three mutant alleles of the ABA locus of Arabidopsis thaliana result in plants that are deficient in the plant growth regulator abscisic acid (ABA). We have used 1802 to label ABA in water-stressed leaves of mutant and wild-type Arabidopsis. Analysis by selected ion monitoring and tandem mass spectrometry of [180]ABA and its catabolites, phaseic acid and ABA-glucose ester (fi-D-glucopyranosyl abscisate), indicates that the aba genotypes are impaired in ABA biosynthesis and have a small ABA precursor pool of compounds that contain oxygens on the ring, presumably oxygenated carotenoids (xanthophylls). Quantitation of the carotenoids from mutant and wild-type leaves establishes that the aba alleles cause a deficiency of the epoxy-carotenoids violaxanthin and neoxanthin and an accumulation of their biosynthetic precursor, zeaxanthin. These results provide evidence that ABA is synthesized by oxidative cleavage of epoxy-carotenoids (the "indirect pathway"). Furthermore the carotenoid mutant we describe undergoes normal greening. Thus the aba alleles provide an opportunity to study the physiological roles of epoxy-carotenoids in photosynthesis in a higher plant.Abscisic acid (ABA) is a sesquiterpenoid plant growth regulator involved in many physiological and developmental processes such as transpiration, germination, dormancy, and adaptation to environmental stresses (e.g., drought, chilling, and pathogen attack) (ref. 1; for review, see ref.2). Although the structure of ABA (Fig. 1D) has been known for 26 years (3), the biosynthetic pathway in higher plants has not been fully elucidated. The evidence favoring the indirect pathway from xanthophylls, as opposed to the direct pathway from farnesyl pyrophosphate (4), can be summarized as follows. (i) The viviparous mutants of maize vp-2, vp-S, vp-7, and vp-9 are blocked in the early stages of carotenoid biosynthesis and are ABA-deficient (5, 6). (ii) The carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors fluridone and norflurazon also inhibit ABA biosynthesis (7,8). (iii) 1802-labeling experiments with waterstressed leaves show 180 incorporation into the side-chain carboxyl group of ABA but little incorporation in the oxygen functions on the ring (9-11), indicating that there is a large ABA precursor pool (presumably xanthophylls) that contains oxygens on the ring (Fig. 1). (iv) Xanthoxin, a C15 metabolite of epoxy-carotenoids, is found in plants (12) and is readily converted to ABA in vivo (13,14) and in vitro (15). (v) A 1:1 molar correlation between decreases in trans-violaxanthin and 9'-cis-neoxanthin (Fig. 1) levels and concomitant increases in ABA and its catabolites has been shown for dark-grown water-stressed bean leaves (16,17). In contrast to higher plants, phytopathogenic fungi synthesize ABA by a direct pathway from farnesyl pyrophosphate (18, 19). genotype also included the recessive markers ttg (transparent testa glabra) and yi (yellow inflorescence). Seeds were germinated on 1% agar in Petri dishes for 2 weeks after storage at 40C for 2 days to break dormancy...

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“…The extract was mixed vigorously with 10 mL diethyl ether and 20 mL 1 M KCI in a separatory funnel (6). The ether layer was collected, cooled on dry ice to freeze out water, and then evaporated under a stream of nitrogen.…”

Section: Hplcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Chlorophyll Accumulation and Formation of Chlorophyll-Protein Complexes during Greening of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii y-1 at 38°C

Maloney

Hoober²,

Marks³

1989

Plant Physiol.

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Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of chlorophylls and carotenoids

Cited by 116 publications

References 36 publications

Extraction of pure lycopene from industrial tomato by‐products in water using a new high‐pressure process

Extraction of pure lycopene from industrial tomato by‐products in water using a new high‐pressure process

The aba mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is impaired in epoxy-carotenoid biosynthesis.

Kinetics of Chlorophyll Accumulation and Formation of Chlorophyll-Protein Complexes during Greening of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii y-1 at 38°C

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