Reversed domains in x-cut lithium niobate thin films

Zhang, Honghu; Zhu, Houbin; Li, Qingyun; Hu, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110364

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Raman probing was performed using an 1800 lines/mm grating, achieving a spectral resolution of 0.69 cm −1 /pixel. Multiple electric pulses were used to study the domain polarization inversion of the LNOI [14]. The domain polarization inversion was achieved by applying high voltage pulses to the metal electrode deposited on the LNOI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Domain inversion voltage is essential for fine, smooth, and perfect periodic polarization structure [13]. Various domain inversion structures have been realized on LNOI, and the domain inversion voltage of LNOI was found to be higher than that of LN bulk materials [14][15][16]. It is speculated that the reasons were the Li + out-diffusion during annealing processes and the interface between the LN thin film and the SiO 2 layer [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizations of Single-Crystal Lithium Niobate Thin Films

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2022

Crystals

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Single-crystal lithium niobate thin films (lithium niobate on insulator, LNOI) are becoming a new material platform for integrating photonics. Investigation into the physical properties of LNOI is important for the design and fabrication of photonic devices. Herein, LNOIs were prepared by two methods: ion implantation and wafer bonding; and wafer bonding and grinding. High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and confocal Raman spectroscopy were used to study the LNOI lattice properties. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of HRXRD and Raman spectra showed a regular crystal lattice arrangement of the LNOIs. The domain inversion voltage and electro-optical coefficient of the LNOIs were close to those of LN bulk material. This study provides useful information for LNOI fabrication and for photonic devices in LNOI.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizations of Single-Crystal Lithium Niobate Thin Films

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2022

Crystals

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“…It was shown that weak domain-domain interactions enabled the creation of periodical domain structures with submicron periods in LNOI. Stable periodical domain structures with periods down to 300 nm were created and characterized, which are essentially lower than those achieved using lithographically produced electrodes [15,26,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Investigations have primarily been performed on Z-cut LNOI. Periodical poling in X-cut LNOI has been realized using lithographically produced electrodes with a minimal period of 600 nm [15,26,38]. However, the creation of domain structures with lower periods in X-cut LNOI, which are attractive for applications, has still not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Nanodomains and Formation of Self-Organized Structures during Local Switching in X-Cut LNOI

et al. 2022

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The features of nanodomain growth during local switching in X-cut lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) were comprehensively studied using the biased tip of a scanning probe microscope. The obtained results were discussed in terms of the kinetic approach. The revealed differences in domain growth in bulk LN and LNOI were attributed to the higher bulk conductivity of LNOI. The obtained influence of humidity on the shape and growth of isolated domains was attributed to the water meniscus. Analysis of the transition between the “forward growth” and “sideways growth” stages was performed by switching to the stripe electrode. A sand-glass-shaped domain was formed due to growth in the opposite direction after the domain touched the electrode. Stable periodical domain structures down to 300 nm were created and characterized in LNOI. Highly ordered comb-like domains of various alternating lengths, including four- and eight-fold increase periods, were produced by performing biased tip scanning along the Y axis. The obtained knowledge is important for the future development of nanodomain engineering methods in monocrystalline ferroelectric thin films on insulators.

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“…Nowadays, waveguide etching has been popularized and matured for device fabrication with high performance. Diversified PPLNOI devices have thrived with promising applications in on-chip classical frequency conversion processes [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and quantum light sources [8,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. However, while these devices demonstrate impressive merits, the majority of them, utilized in scientific investigations, have been manufactured on a chip scale in laboratories [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wafer-Scale Periodic Poling of Thin-Film Lithium Niobate

Chen,

Wang,

Tian

et al. 2024

Materials

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Periodically poled lithium niobate on insulator (PPLNOI) offers an admirably promising platform for the advancement of nonlinear photonic integrated circuits (PICs). In this context, domain inversion engineering emerges as a key process to achieve efficient nonlinear conversion. However, periodic poling processing of thin-film lithium niobate has only been realized on the chip level, which significantly limits its applications in large-scale nonlinear photonic systems that necessitate the integration of multiple nonlinear components on a single chip with uniform performances. Here, we demonstrate a wafer-scale periodic poling technique on a 4-inch LNOI wafer with high fidelity. The reversal lengths span from 0.5 to 10.17 mm, encompassing an area of ~1 cm2 with periods ranging from 4.38 to 5.51 μm. Efficient poling was achieved with a single manipulation, benefiting from the targeted grouped electrode pads and adaptable comb line widths in our experiment. As a result, domain inversion is ultimately implemented across the entire wafer with a 100% success rate and 98% high-quality rate on average, showcasing high throughput and stability, which is fundamentally scalable and highly cost-effective in contrast to traditional size-restricted chiplet-level poling. Our study holds significant promise to dramatically promote ultra-high performance to a broad spectrum of applications, including optical communications, photonic neural networks, and quantum photonics.

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Reversed domains in x-cut lithium niobate thin films

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Characterizations of Single-Crystal Lithium Niobate Thin Films

Characterizations of Single-Crystal Lithium Niobate Thin Films

Evolution of Nanodomains and Formation of Self-Organized Structures during Local Switching in X-Cut LNOI

Wafer-Scale Periodic Poling of Thin-Film Lithium Niobate

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