Reverse zoonotic tuberculosis transmission from an emerging Uganda I strain between pastoralists and cattle in South-Eastern Nigeria

Adesokan, Hezekiah Kehinde; Akinseye, Victor Oluwatoyin; Streicher, Elizabeth; Helden, Paul van; Warren, Robin M.; Cadmus, Simeon

doi:10.1186/s12917-019-2185-1

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The working time of workers in slaughterhouses also constitutes the period of exposure to possible infections. The average duration of the workers' exercise was considerable, thus favorable to the risks of contamination by tuberculosis and other zoonoses (4,39). A study in Nigeria found a correlation between the duration of exposure and the degree of risk of contamination by different zoonotic germs (20).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infected cattle pose a risk to public health; previous studies have revealed the role of Mycobacterium bovis in the transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis from cattle to humans (39). Tuberculosis screening was not carried out at the level of the slaughterhouse workers interviewed, but certain studies have highlighted the contamination of professionals working in cattle breeding (4,17,40).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for the Transmission of Mycobacterium Bovis to Slaughterhouses Workers in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo

Miassangoumouka¹,

Linguissi²,

Itoua³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Zoonotic tuberculosis is a major form of TB affecting humans and many animal species. Infected cattle pose a threat to public health. The aim of the study was to characterize the risks of exposure to bovine tuberculosis by slaughterhouse workers in Brazzaville. A survey was carried out among 57 workers from three slaughterhouses in Brazzaville (Mpila, Kanga Mbanzi and La Fougère) using questionnaires and field observations. The results of the profile revealed that the majority of staff are made up mainly of people over 40 years old (40.6 ± 8.4) i.e. 50.9% and 96.5% male. Married workers represent a third of respondents (29.8%) and live in families made up of 4.9 ± 2.4 people. Workers with secondary education are the majority (66.7%). The average number of years of work in slaughterhouses in Brazzaville is 18.9 ± 9.5 years. The survey also showed that many workers, 52.6%, have never received training to work in slaughterhouses. A tier of workers (31.7%) have no knowledge of animal tuberculosis, in particular its modes of transmission or its clinical signs. The premises are; normal, regularly cleaned, but are not disinfected. Despite the common occurrence of injuries, 73.7% of those surveyed said that they were not subjected to medical checks. To this, we must add, the lack of work clothes adapted by some (29.8%). All of these shortcomings constitute significant risks of contamination from zoonoses, and tuberculosis in particular. Thus, the study recommends strengthening the capacities of professionals in slaughterhouses, their medical follow-up and improve infrastructure. Finally, the fight against zoonotic tuberculosis requires a multisectoral framework involving doctors and veterinarians in the context of the "One Health" approach.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for the Transmission of Mycobacterium Bovis to Slaughterhouses Workers in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo

Miassangoumouka¹,

Linguissi²,

Itoua³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Most zoonotic diseases are transmitted to humans from animals. Some reports suggested that animals can also get infected from humans [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Such diseases are known as reverse zoonoses.…”

Section: Classification Of Zoonosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Diseases: Etiology, Impact, and Control

et al. 2020

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Most humans are in contact with animals in a way or another. A zoonotic disease is a disease or infection that can be transmitted naturally from vertebrate animals to humans or from humans to vertebrate animals. More than 60% of human pathogens are zoonotic in origin. This includes a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites, and other pathogens. Factors such as climate change, urbanization, animal migration and trade, travel and tourism, vector biology, anthropogenic factors, and natural factors have greatly influenced the emergence, re-emergence, distribution, and patterns of zoonoses. As time goes on, there are more emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases. In this review, we reviewed the etiology of major zoonotic diseases, their impact on human health, and control measures for better management. We also highlighted COVID-19, a newly emerging zoonotic disease of likely bat origin that has affected millions of humans along with devastating global consequences. The implementation of One Health measures is highly recommended for the effective prevention and control of possible zoonosis.

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“…Many pastoral communities recognise that interactions between animals and humans have the potential to transmit diseases either way. Bovine tuberculosis and Rift Valley fever have been documented in pastoral communities in Ngorongoro-Tanzania (Mangesho et al 2017), Q-fever in Chad; Mycobacterium bovis infection among the Borana in Ethiopia and pastoralists in Ebonyi-south-eastern Nigeria (Greter et al 2014;Adesokan et al 2019); and anthrax outbreaks in Tanzania (Mwakapeje et al 2018). Consumption of unpasteurised milk and being in direct contact with infected animal tissues like products of abortion and blood increase the risk of transmission of zoonotic diseases such as anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, rabies and zoonotic trypanosomiasis, equine encephalitis, hydatidosis/echinococcosis, leishmaniasis and rabies from wildlife to livestock and to humans (WHO 2009;Fevre et al 2017;Muturi et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short report on implications of Covid-19 and emerging zoonotic infectious diseases for pastoralists and Africa

2020

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Many emerging and re-emerging zoonotic infectious diseases occur in Africa. These are projected to increase as human-animal host contact increases owing to increasing environmental degradation that shrinks nature habitats for wildlife over the continent. The current outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for causing coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) has reinvigorated discourse on the disruptiveness of the zoonotic emerging infectious diseases, owing to their transboundary character. Even as the world focuses on the COVID-19 sweeping pandemic, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS)-CoV re-emerged in Saudi Arabia infecting 18 people with five deaths; this has barely received any attention. This outbreak is particularly of concern to the pastoralists in the Horn of Africa, a region that has in recent past seen an increase in camel trade with the Gulf States, especially Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic infectious diseases are complex, depend on human-animal-environment interaction and pose a strain on public health systems. There is a need to address these diseases dynamically through a synergistic approach, drawing on expertise from diverse sectors. One Health approach has distinguished itself as an integrative action able to bring together multiple actors on a global, national and local scale to advance the attainment of optimal health outcomes for people, animals and the environment. One Health works by strengthening the preparedness, response, mitigation and monitoring of zoonotic infectious disease risks collaboratively. We opine that as zoonotic emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases continue to rise over pastoral Africa, comprehensive implementation of the One Health approach will be urgently required.

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Reverse zoonotic tuberculosis transmission from an emerging Uganda I strain between pastoralists and cattle in South-Eastern Nigeria

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Risk Factors for the Transmission of Mycobacterium Bovis to Slaughterhouses Workers in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo

Risk Factors for the Transmission of Mycobacterium Bovis to Slaughterhouses Workers in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo

Zoonotic Diseases: Etiology, Impact, and Control

Short report on implications of Covid-19 and emerging zoonotic infectious diseases for pastoralists and Africa

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