Abstract-Optimal planning for public transportation is one of the keys to sustainable development and better quality of life in urban areas. Based on mobility patterns, propose a localized transportation mode choice model, with which we can dynamically predict the bus travel demand for different bus routing. This model is then used for bus routing optimization which aims to convert as many people from private transportation to public transportation as possible given budget constraints on the bus route modification. It also leverages the model to identify region pairs with flawed bus routes, which are effectively optimized using our approach. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, extensive studies are performed on real world data collected in Beijing which contains 19 million taxi trips and 10 million bus trips. GPS enables mobile devices to continuously provide new opportunities to improve our daily lives. For example, the data collected in applications created by Ola, Uber or Public Transport Authorities can be used to plan transportation routes, estimate capacities, and proactively identify low coverage areas. Now, study a new kind of query -Modified k-Nearest Neighbor Search with Hill Climbing (MkNNHC), which can be used for route planning and capacity estimation. Given a set of existing routes D R , a set of passenger transitions D T , and a query route Q, an MkNNHC query returns all transitions that take Q as one of its k nearest travel routes. To solve the problem, we first develop an index to handle dynamic trajectory updates, so that the most up-to-date transition data are available for answering an RkNNT query. Then introduce a filter refinement framework for processing MkNNHC queries using the proposed indexes. Experiments on real datasets demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of our approaches.Keywords: GPS, Hill Climbing, Routing Optimization, MkNNHC, Trajectories, Efficiency & Scalability.
I. INTRODUCTIONMore and more people live in metropolitan areas or big cities due in large part to rapid development of urbanization. One major side effect is increasing traffic congestion due to limited space, and consequently unnecessary energy consumption during traffic congestion. Public transportation (e.g., bus, subway) not only saves fuel and reduces congestion, but also offers a safe, affordable, and convenient way to travel. According to American Public Transportation Association1, Americans living in areas served by public transportation save 865 million hours of travel time and 450 million gallons of fuel annually in congestion reduction alone. Households that are likely to use public transportation on a given day save more than $9,700 every year. Better public transportation planning can significantly help to foster a more sustainable development and improve quality of life. Traditional public transportation planning methods have relied on human surveys to understand people's mobility patterns and their choice among different transportation modes. Despite the substantial time and c...