Reversal Reaction as a Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

Menezes, Vinicius Martins de; Sales, Anna Maria; Nery, José A. C.; Illarramendi, Ximena; Miranda, Alice; Galhardo, Maria Clara Gutierrez; Sarno, Euzenir

doi:10.5772/23382

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first case of IRIS manifested with RR opening a clinical picture of leprosy was published by Lawn et al (2003), and since then, several similar cases have been described [ 37 ]. The largest cohort published in Brazil on this association (RR and IRIS) was written by Menezes et al (2011) [ 37 ]. Massone et al (2010) [ 30 ] observed a numerical increase in regulatory T lymphocytes (LTreg), but with functional impairments in patients with IRIS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The expression of FOXP3 in lesions of several forms of leprosy in patients co-infected with HIV

et al. 2021

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Background Brazil remains endemic for infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and leprosy, having a major impact on public health and the life quality of affected patients. Although the relevance of this co-infection is recognized, several aspects, such as the immune response, are not yet fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of FOXP3+ Treg cells in leprosy skin lesions and to correlate their clinical forms, laboratory characteristics (CD4, CD8, and CV), and the immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV-leprosy co-infection. Methodology/Principal findings An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study was carried out comparing four groups of patients: those with concomitant diagnosis of leprosy and HIV infection without a leprosy reaction, those with leprosy and HIV co-infection patients with a reverse reaction (RR), those with leprosy without HIV and without reaction, and those with leprosywithout HIV and with RR. The patients were diagnosed at a dermatology outpatient clinic located in Belém, Pará, Brazil, from 2003 to 2017. In the sample studied, there was a positive correlation between FOXP3+ cell density and viral load, negative correlation with blood CD4+ (not statistically significant), significant positive correlation in CD8 count in patients with leprosy reaction, and positive relationship in patients with IRIS. The density of cells expressing FOXP3 was higher in the BL/LL forms in patients without HIV, although the difference was not statistically significant. However, the cell mean was higher in the TT/BT forms in patients co-infected with leprosy and HIV, showing contradictory results. Conclusions/Significance These findings support that higher activity of the HIV may stimulate or result in a higher expression of FOXP3-Tregs and that they may be involved in active immunosuppression observed at the infection site at the tissue level. This supports the need to expand studies on FOXP3+ Treg cells in co-infected patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%