Reversal of Experimental Myoglobinuric Acute Renal Failure With Bioflavonoids From Seeds of Grape

Abstract

Rhabdomyolysis may account for about 10% of all cases of acute renal failure (ARF). This study was performed to explore the protective influence of proanthocyanidins from seeds of grape in an experimental model of myoglobinuric ARF. Rats were injected with 50% glycerol (8 mL/kg, im) followed immediately and daily in the next three days by ip proanthocyanidins (20 mg/kg) or saline. After 96 h rats were sacrificed and kidney morphology, kidney cortex peptidase activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined. A moderate renal failure was produced by glycerol injection with blood urea of 31.8+/-11.0 vs. 7.68+/-0.24 m mol/L, and serum creatinine of 153. +/-38.2 vs. 39.6+/-9.0 micromol/L, in glycerol-induced ARF vs. control rats, respectively. Rats that received proanthocyanidins in addition to glycerol had significantly lower (p < 0.01) blood urea and serum creatinine levels compared to those receiving glycerol alone. These functional differences between the glycerol and glycerol plus proanthocianidins groups were also confirmed histologically. Kidney cortex dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) activity was not significantly changed in glycerol-induced ARF, however, markedly increased after proanthocyanidins treatment. Kidney cortex malondialdehyde content was found significantly increased in glycerol-induced ARF over control level, and was markedly reduced by proanthocyanidin treatment. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence for the protective role of proanthocyanidins from seeds of grape in glycerol-induced ARF. The effect is probably due to the antioxidant activity of proanthocyanidins and to increased expression of kidney cortex DPP IV with effective degradation of TNF-alpha. This may provide therapeutic opportunities of preventing and/or treating myoglobinuric ARF in humans.

Effects of Losartan on Glycerol-induced Myoglobinuric Acute Renal Failure in Rats

“…The significant increase in renal MDA levels in ARF group is consistent with previous studies 28,31 . Free iron ions released from the degredation of significant amount of myoglobin cause free radical formation and lipid peroxidation which may contribute to the increase in MDA levels.…”

The effects of grapeseed extract and low level laser therapy administration on the liver in experimentally fractured mandible

“…Previous studies showed that proanthocyanids are quite effective against tissue damage and improved wound healing and angiogenesis (44)(45)(46). In the present study, it was observed that generally it was possible to remove oxidative damage in all test groups compared to mandibular fracture groups.…”

L-Carnitine Ameliorates Glycerol-Induced Myoglobinuric Acute Renal Failure in Rats

“…In several studies, it has been demonstrated that ROS play an important role in the pathogenesis of myoglobinuric ARF, based on the findings that in rats with rhabdomyolysis, levels of MDA and F 2 isoprostanes in the kidney increase. [1,[3][4][5][6]21] Elevated renal MDA levels, as well as their relations with tubular cell necrosis and the urinary NAG/creatinine ratio in glycerol-administered rats, suggest that lipid peroxidation was an important contributing factor to the development of kidney damage in the present study. Also, we observed that lipid peroxidation, which was connected to functional, biochemical, and morphological renal impairment, was prevented by L-carnitine, implying this molecule's antioxidant effect.…”

“…[1,3] There is also increasing evidence indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of myoglobinuric ARF. [4][5][6] During renal vasoconstriction/hypoperfusion, ATP is degraded to hypoxanthine. When xanthine oxidase converts hypoxanthine to xanthine in the presence of molecular oxygen, superoxide radical (O 2 − ) is generated.…”