Reversal of Cadmium-induced oxidative stress in chicken by herbal adaptogens Withania somnifera and Ocimum sanctum

Bharavi, K; Reddy, A Gopala; Rao, G. Gopala; Reddy, Anusha R.; Rao, S.V. Rama

doi:10.4103/0971-6580.72671

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Usually, decreased SOD activity was accompanied by decreased GSH-Px activity and increased lipid peroxidation in the same tissues. In contrast to the aforementioned results, Cd oral administration produced peroxidative damage in chickens, as indicated by increase in TBARS, reduction in GSH concentration in liver and kidney, but increased CAT and SOD activities were observed in erythrocytes [144]. Dietary nickel chloride is also shown to have a negative effect on SOD and other antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px and CAT) in the intestine [145], cecal tonsil [146] or splenocytes [147].…”

Section: Toxicological Stressesmentioning

confidence: 39%

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Surai¹

2016

J Anim Res Nutr

160

135

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Commercial poultry production is associated with various stresses responsible for decreasing productive and reproductive performance of growing chicks, breeders and commercial layers. A growing body of evidence shows that most of stresses in poultry production at the cellular level are associated with oxidative stress. Recently, a concept of the cellular antioxidant defense has been revised with special attention paid to cellular redox status maintenance and cell signaling. In fact, antioxidant systems of the living cell are based on three major levels of defense and superoxide dismutase (SOD) is shown to belong to the first level of the antioxidant defense network. Cellular antioxidant defenses are shown to include several options and vitagene activation in stress conditions is considered as a fundamental adaptive mechanism. The vitagene family includes various genes regulating synthesis of protective molecules including thioredoxins, sirtuins, heat shock proteins and SOD. However, by the time of writing no comprehensive review on the roles and effects of SOD in poultry biology has appeared. Therefore, the aim of this review is a critical analysis of the role of SOD in poultry biology with specific emphasis to its functions as an essential part of the vitagene network. From the analysis of the recent data related to SOD in poultry physiology and adaptation to stresses it is possible to conclude that: a) SOD as important vitagene is the main driving force in cell/body adaptation to various stress conditions. Indeed, in stress conditions additional synthesis of SOD is an adaptive mechanism to decrease ROS formation; b) If the stress is too high SOD activity is decreased and apoptosis is activated; c) there are tissue-specific differences in SOD expression which also depends on the strength of such stress-factors as heat, heavy metals, mycotoxins and other stressors; d) SOD is shown to provide an effective protection against lipid peroxidation in chicken embryonic tissues and semen; e) SOD is shown to be protective in heat and cold stress, toxicity stress as well as in other oxidative-stress related conditions in poultry production; f) there are complex interactions inside the antioxidant network of the cell/body to ensure an effective maintenance of homeostasis in stress conditions. Indeed, in many cases, nutritional antioxidants (vitamin E, selenium, carotenoids, phytochemicals, etc.) in the feed can increase SOD expression; g) nutritional means of SOD upregulation in stress conditions of poultry production and physiological and commercial consequences await further investigation; h) vitagene upregulation in stress conditions is emerging as an effective means for stress management.

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Section: Toxicological Stressesmentioning

confidence: 39%

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Surai¹

2016

J Anim Res Nutr

160

135

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“…Cd is accumulated and deposited in different organs of Japanese quail when administered orally [1,23]. Cd has a higher concentration in kidney than in the liver in broilers chicken when fed with dietary Cd [24]. Holoveska et al [25] observed a considerable growth in Cd levels in the liver of turkeys exposed to Cd.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uyanik et al [13] noted a higher serum total protein and higher levels of globulin, AST and ALT in the broiler chicken orally exposed to Cd. Swapana et al [32] and Bharavi et al [24] observed a higher activity in the serum ALT, BUN, and creatinine in broiler chicken exposed to dietary Cd. San Ana et al [3] noted higher serum levels of ALT and AST and no change in ALP and creatinine in quails orally exposed to a dilution of 100 mg CdCl2/L distilled water for 28 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decline in catalase function by Cd might be ascribed to the diminished absorption of iron, an essential trace element required for the action of catalase. The concentration of GSH was reduced in the Cd group, which indicates the attachment of Cd to SH groups of glutathione [24]. Alteration in the level of antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and GSH) in the hepatic and renal tissues of quails in the Cd group indicates the discharge of cellular antioxidants and enhances the generation of oxygen free radicals, agitating lipid peroxidation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Bharavi et al [24] reported an increase in SOD and CAT levels in erythrocytes, a decrease in GSH levels in liver and kidneys tissues, and an increase in lipid peroxidation in hepatic and kidneys of broiler chicken exposed to dietary Cd at 100 mg/kg feed for 28 days. Kant et al [40] observed a higher amount of SOD and CAT, higher lipid peroxidation, and reduction in GSH in red blood cells of poultry orally exposed to 400mg CdCl2/L for 20 days.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histological and Functional Alteration in the Liver and Kidney and the Response of Antioxidants in Japanese quail Exposed to Dietary Cadmium

Karimi

Hesaraki

Mortazavi

2017

IJT

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Background:The aim of the present study was to find the effects of cadmium (Cd) on Japanese quail on the role of an animal model in order to understand the toxicity of Cd in creatures presented, within the environment. Methods:One hundred 30-day-old male Japanese quails were equally divided into the control group and Cd group. The control group received no Cd while the Cd group was given formula feed comprised of 100 ppm of Cd (CdCl2, Merck, Germany) for sixty days. The histological and functional alteration in the liver and kidneys and the response of antioxidants were determined.Results: Histological changes in the liver increased the number of kuppfer cells, vacuolar degeneration, and hepatocytes single cell necrosis in the Cd group. The renal histopathological changes were hyaline cast in renal tubules and necrosis and swelling of tubular epithelial cells. The level of aminotransferases (ALT and AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine rose significantly in the Cd group toward the control group (P<0.05). The antioxidants (SOD, CAT and GSH) levels considerably diminished, while lipid peroxidation proliferated substantially in the hepatic and renal tissues of Japanese quails in the CD group (P<0.05). Conclusion:Presentation to dietary Cd (100mg/kg diet) for 60 reduces the body weights gain and induces the histological and functional alteration in the liver and kidneys of Japanese quail as well as cellular antioxidant alterations.

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Propensity of Withania somnifera to Attenuate Behavioural, Biochemical, and Histological Alterations in Experimental Model of Stroke

et al. 2015

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The present study was designed to evaluate the beneficial effects of Withania somnifera (WS) pre-supplementation on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke was induced in the rats by inserting intraluminal suture for 90 min, followed by reperfusion injury for 24 h. The animals were assessed for locomotor functions (by neurological deficit scores, narrow beam walk and rotarod test), cognitive and anxiety-like behavioural functions (by morris water maze and elevated plus maze test). MCAO animals showed significant impairment in locomotor and cognitive functions. Neurobehavioural changes were accompanied by decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, increased oxidative stress in terms of enhanced lipid peroxidation and lowered thiol levels in the MCAO animals. In addition, MCAO animals had cerebral infarcts and the presence of pycnotic nuclei. Single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) of MCAO animals revealed a cerebral infarct as a hypoactive area. On the other hand, pre-supplementation with WS (300 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days to MCAO animals was effective in restoring the acetylcholinesterase activity, lipid peroxidation, thiols and attenuated MCAO induced behavioural deficits. WS significantly reduced the cerebral infarct volume and ameliorated histopathological alterations. Improved blood flow was observed in the SPECT images from the brain regions of ischemic rats pre-treated with WS. The results of the study showed a protective effect of WS supplementation in ischemic stroke and are suggestive of its potential application in stroke management.

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Reversal of Cadmium-induced oxidative stress in chicken by herbal adaptogens Withania somnifera and Ocimum sanctum

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Histological and Functional Alteration in the Liver and Kidney and the Response of Antioxidants in Japanese quail Exposed to Dietary Cadmium

Propensity of Withania somnifera to Attenuate Behavioural, Biochemical, and Histological Alterations in Experimental Model of Stroke

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