“…The Ce 3d XPS spectra of 0.5Pd/10CeO 2 /γ‐Al 2 O 3 and 0.5Pd/CeO 2 are shown in Figure 6(a), where u and v were denoted as 3d 3/2 and 3d 5/2 spin‐coupled orbitals, respectively. v 0 , v ′, u 0 and u ′ represent Ce 3+ , v , v“ , v”′ , u , u“ , and u”′ represent Ce 4+ [32,33] . According to the literature, the ratio of Ce 3+ /(Ce 3+ +Ce 4+ ) was related to the number of oxygen vacancies, [34] with a larger ratio representing a larger number of oxygen vacancies.…”