Revealing the perovskite formation kinetics during chemical vapour deposition

Abstract

High control chemical vapour deposition of (Cs,FA)PbI3 perovskite provides insights into CVD kinetics and perovskite phase evolution.

Progress of Perovskite Solar Modules

“…From this perspective, hybrid chemical vapor deposition (HCVD) draws attention based on sequential depositions generally by a thermal vacuum evaporation for inorganic precursors (e.g., PbI 2 and PbBr 2 ) and a CVD for organic precursors (e.g., MAI and FAI). [ 61–65 ] While a single composition of perovskite film was prepared by HCVD for PSCs in the beginning, [ 62 ] a mixed composition has been consistently applied to HCVD for scalable PSMs. [ 61,63 ] Figure a,b represents a schematic illustration of HCVD, where the inorganic precursors of PbI 2 and CsBr are deposited by co‐evaporation, which is followed by CVD of FAI to prepare the perovskite film with a mixed composition.…”

Metal halide perovskite solar cells by modified chemical vapor deposition

“…There is a balance between the FAI vapor deposition amount and the reaction rate with the bottom PbI 2 . 60 Regarding the overshoot during the ramping process and the over-saturation of organic vapor, a rapid and precise heating and cooling process is required. 17 By switching the pumping direction and correspondingly changing the organic vapor ow direction, the reaction kinetics between the vapor-solid has been systematically studied (Fig.…”

“…10a). 16,17,42,60 In this case, by using sequentially deposited CsBr and PbBr 2 as inorganic layer and FAI as the organic vapor source, a high quality and gradient composition perovskite lm was fabricated. The resulting lm consists of mainly I À as anion and the result devices showed an efficiency of 18%.…”

An electric-field regulated crystallization process for enhanced performance of perovskite solar cells

“…Therefore, the enhancement of perovskite solar cell efficiency can be achieved by improving the quality of perovskite lms. At present, perovskite lms are prepared by the solution method, [20][21][22][23][24][25] vapor-assisted deposition method, [26][27][28] or bladecoating method. [29][30][31][32] The solution process is the most popular method due to its advantages of simplicity, low cost, and ease of mass production.…”