“… 227 With timely detection and reporting of abnormal battery states, it is helpful to avoid overheating, 228 overcharging, or overdischarging. 229 In addition, BMSs utilize effective methods (such as timely discharge) to alleviate abuse conditions, even preventing TRP disasters. 230 However, it is challenging for BMSs to detect ISC, which results from various factors, including manufacturing.…”