Revealing the groove binding characteristics of plant growth regulator 3-indoleacetic acid with calf thymus DNA

Zhu, Miao; Hu, Xiaofeng; Zhang, Ying; Pan, Junhui; Zhang, Guowen

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115265

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The intrinsic fluorescence of XO was quenched by the gradually added ECG, while no obvious peak shift was observed, indicating that there was interaction between ECG and XO. The specific quenching mechanism of ECG on XO was determined by the relationship between quenching constant ( K SV ) and temperature, and the values of K SV and K q (the quenching rate constant) were calculated by the well-known Stern–Volmer equation [ 44 ].

where F and F 0 represent the fluorescence intensity values of XO with and without ECG, respectively; Q is the concentration of ECG; the value of the average fluorescence lifetime of fluorophore for biomacromolecules ( τ 0 ) is 10 −8 s. Figure 3 B showed that the Stern–Volmer plots could be linearly fitted at the three temperatures, indicating that there was one single quenching type.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intrinsic fluorescence of XO was quenched by the gradually added ECG, while no obvious peak shift was observed, indicating that there was interaction between ECG and XO. The specific quenching mechanism of ECG on XO was determined by the relationship between quenching constant (K SV ) and temperature, and the values of K SV and K q (the quenching rate constant) were calculated by the well-known Stern-Volmer equation [44].…”

Section: Fluorescence Quenching and Thermodynamic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epicatechin Gallate as Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor: Inhibitory Kinetics, Binding Characteristics, Synergistic Inhibition, and Action Mechanism

Zhu

Pan

et al. 2021

Foods

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Epicatechin gallate (ECG) is one of the main components of catechins and has multiple bioactivities. In this work, the inhibitory ability and molecular mechanism of ECG on XO were investigated systematically. ECG was determined as a mixed xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 19.33 ± 0.45 μM. The promotion of reduced XO and the inhibition of the formation of uric acid by ECG led to a decrease in O2− radical. The stable ECG–XO complex was formed by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, with the binding constant of the magnitude of 104 L mol−1, and ECG influenced the stability of the polypeptide skeleton and resulted in a more compact conformation of XO. Computational simulations further characterized the binding characteristics and revealed that the inhibitory mechanism of ECG on XO was likely that ECG bound to the vicinity of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and altered the conformation of XO, hindering the entry of substrate and the diffusion of catalytic products. ECG and allopurinol bound to different active sites of XO and exerted a synergistic inhibitory effect through enhancing their binding stability with XO and changing the target amino acid residues of XO. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for the further application of ECG in the fields of food nutrition and functional foods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intrinsic fluorescence of XO was quenched by the gradually added ECG, while no obvious peak shift was observed, indicating that there was interaction between ECG and XO. The specific quenching mechanism of ECG on XO was determined by the relationship between quenching constant (K SV ) and temperature, and the values of K SV and K q (the quenching rate constant) were calculated by the well-known Stern-Volmer equation [44].…”

Section: Fluorescence Quenching and Thermodynamic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Epicatechin Gallate as Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor: Inhibitory Kinetics, Binding Characteristics, Synergistic Inhibition, and Action Mechanism

Zhu

Pan

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Phytohormones such as auxins control much of the growth and developmental processes of vascular plants [ 43 ]. Zhu et al [ 44 ] and Khan et al [ 45 ] also reported that IAA is widely used as a plant growth regulator to promote plant growth. Studies in recent years have shown that exogenous indoleacetic acid (IAA) can also increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes, which can help plants become more resistant and adaptable [ 46 , 47 , 48 ] Abscisic acid (ABA) has many vital functions in plants at both physiological and molecular levels, especially under environmental stress [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Osmotic Regulatory Substances and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Nitraria tangutorum

Didi

Sam

et al. 2022

Plants

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Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are natural hormones and synthetic hormone analogues. At low concentrations, PGRs have the ability to influence cell division, cell expansion, and cell structure and function, in addition to mediating environmental stress. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine how exogenous PGRs indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA) influenced osmotic regulatory substances and activity of antioxidant enzymes in Nitraria tangutorum. Using a completely randomized design, IAA, ABA, and GA3 were applied as foliar spray at concentrations of 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L, and 200 mg/L to N. tangutorum shrubs. Some selected shrubs did not receive any treatment and served as the control (Ck). The results showed that the foliar spray of IAA, ABA, and GA3 significantly increased the content of osmotic regulatory substances (soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline) and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and POD) at most concentrations. In addition, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly reduced after treatment, but after regrowth of coppiced shrubs, lipid peroxidation increased and was still lower than Ck. Our study provides evidence that 100 mg/L 150 mg/L, and 200 mg/L concentrations of IAA, ABA, and GA3 treatments are effective for enhancing osmotic regulatory substances and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in N. tangutorum, which offers an effective strategy not only for increasing tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, but also improving the adaptability of N. tangutorum shrubs to the environment.

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“…Furthermore, the K a values manifested an order of magnitude of 10 5 L mol −1 at different temperatures, demonstrating that NAA had a strong affinity to ctDNA. Different from intercalation binding, the binding affinity was weak and the K a values were on the order of magnitude of 10 4 or less when a ligand bound to ctDNA in groove mode (Zhu et al, 2021 ). Hence, the relatively large K a values obtained in our study could be due to the intercalation binding between NAA and ctDNA, similar to the result reported by Garbett et al ( 2004 ) that ethidium bromide intercalated into ctDNA and the binding constant was 1.23 × 10 5 L mol −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) Indole-3-propionic acid and Indole-3-butyric acid in different concentrations showed opposite effects on DNA. Zhu et al ( 2021 ) reported Indole-3-acetic acid bound to the minor groove region rich in G–C base-pairs in ctDNA, which disturbed the structure of ctDNA but did not induce DNA damage. Studies have shown that NAA has a stimulating effect on sensitive skin and mucous membranes in the human eyes and respiratory tract, etc (Ilktaç et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Spectroscopic and Molecular Simulation Approaches to Characterize the Intercalation Binding of 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid With Calf Thymus DNA

Hu¹,

Luo²,

Zhou³

et al. 2021

Front. Toxicol.

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1–Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), having high-quality biological activity and great yield-increasing potential in agricultural production, is a broad-spectrum plant growth regulator. Although NAA is of low toxicity, it can affect the balance of the human metabolism and damage the body if it is used in high quantity for a long time. In this study, the interaction of NAA with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was investigated under simulated human physiological acidity (pH 7.4) using fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible absorption, and circular dichroism spectroscopy combined with viscosity measurements and molecular simulation techniques. The quenching of the endogenous fluorescence of NAA by ctDNA, observed in the fluorescence spectrum experiment, was a mixed quenching process that mainly resulted from the formation of the NAA–ctDNA complex. NAA mainly interacted with ctDNA through hydrophobic interaction, and the binding constant and quenching constant at room temperature (298 K) were 0.60 × 105 L mol−1 and 1.58 × 104 L mol−1, respectively. Moreover, the intercalation mode between NAA and ctDNA was verified in the analysis of melting point, KI measurements, and the viscosity of ctDNA. The results were confirmed by molecular simulation, and it showed that NAA was enriched near the C–G base of ctDNA. As shown in circular dichroism spectra, the positive peak intensity of ctDNA intensified along with a certain degree of redshift, while the negative peak intensity decreased after binding with NAA, suggesting that the binding of NAA induced the transformation of the secondary structure of ctDNA from B-form to A-form. These researches will help to understand the hazards of NAA to the human body more comprehensively and concretely, to better guide the use of NAA in industry and agriculture.

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Revealing the groove binding characteristics of plant growth regulator 3-indoleacetic acid with calf thymus DNA

Cited by 11 publications

References 71 publications

Epicatechin Gallate as Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor: Inhibitory Kinetics, Binding Characteristics, Synergistic Inhibition, and Action Mechanism

Epicatechin Gallate as Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor: Inhibitory Kinetics, Binding Characteristics, Synergistic Inhibition, and Action Mechanism

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Osmotic Regulatory Substances and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Nitraria tangutorum

Multi-Spectroscopic and Molecular Simulation Approaches to Characterize the Intercalation Binding of 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid With Calf Thymus DNA

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