Revealing the electrochemical mechanism of the conversion-type Co3S4 in a novel high-capacity Mg-Li hybrid battery

Nanosynthesis and Characterization of Cu1.8Se0.6S0.4 as a Potential Cathode for Magnesium Battery Applications

“…In the case of powder samples like in our work, the scattering part of incident light cannot be declined; hence, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is the best route to determine the band gap of the sample. In this route, the reflectance of a sample of almost infinite thickness can be measured by comparing the reflectance of the standard sample and that of the powder under question, as follows: 46 = R R R sample standard (8) The formula of the reflectance (R ∞ ) can be simplified to the Kubelka−Munk function (F(R ∞ )) taking into account that absorption (α) and scattering coefficients (s) are independent of the thickness, which can be described below: 47,48…”

“…7 These challenges have triggered indepth research on multivalent ion batteries, including Mg, Al, Zn, Ca, etc. 8 Of these, magnesium (Mg)-ion batteries (MIB) consider "post lithium-ion chemistry" and auspicious next-generation large-scale energy storage owing to the high abundance of Mg in the earth's crust and eco-benignity. 9 In addition, Mg metal is directly working as an anode, 10 which provides the battery with high theoretical capacity (3833 mAh cm −3 and 2205 mAh g −1 ), lower inclination toward dendrite formation, and low redox potential versus the standard hydrogen electrode (−2.36 V vs SHE).…”

“…Nevertheless, it is still challenging for LIBs to satisfy the global market because of safety concerns, Li resource rarity, and dendrite formation . These challenges have triggered in-depth research on multivalent ion batteries, including Mg, Al, Zn, Ca, etc …”

Recent Advancements in Chalcogenides for Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications

“…CoSe@C 3D nanoparticles Pyrolysis + annealing 427@1 62.4@5@100 [233] NC@ZnSe Dispersed porous Pyrolysis + selenization 172.7@0.3 70.4@0.5@250 [234] WS 2 @NCNFs Layered nanoplates Electrospinning + annealing 314.07@0.1 195.81@0.1@100 [235] MoSe 2 @C Sheet nanocomposite Hydrothermal 294.97@0.1 110.3@0.1@3000 [236] Ni 0.6 Co 0.4 S@MXene@NC Layered sheet Sulfurization + carbonization 481.2@ 0.4 125.2@1@300 [237] VS 4 Nanowire clusters Amine ions-assisted method 252.51@0.1 129.24@0.4@120 [238] NiSe 2 @GO 3D sponge Selenidation + annealing ~281@0.5 ~164@1@250 [239] Bi 2 Te 3 /Sb 2 Te 3 Nanoflakes Solvothermal 230@1 203@1@300 [240] Fe-NiSe Nanoflake Hydrothermal 304@1 197@1@13.500 [241] MIB cathode 1T-VSe 2 @rGO Thin-layered nanoparticles Hydrothermal 235.5@0.05 147.66@0.05@500 [242] VS 4 /MLIB Nanodendrites Solution-phase approach ~300@0.5 110@1@1500 [248] FeS-CNFs/MLIB 1D network Electrospinning + thermal treatment 463@0.07 200@0.257@800 [249] MoS 2 &MoSe 2 /MLIB Nanosheets Exfoliation processing 135@0.02&75@0.02 81@0.02@10&82@.02@3 [250] Co 3 S 4 -F/MLIB Particle-like Solvothermal 779.8@0.1 399.5@0.1@100 [251] VS 2 /MLIB Nanosheets One-pot solvothermal ~234@0.1 ~222@0.1@200 [252] TiS 2 /SMIB Layered structure As-received 200@1 67.5@20@3000 [253] Li-Ion LIBs are a good energy storage technology because of their high performance (capacity, cycling performance, rate capability, and others). However, existing commercially available graphite electrodes have low energy due to their small surface area, deterioration, large volume expansion, low theoretical capacity (372 mAh/g, based on un-lithiated graphite) [254], and low power due to sluggish kinetics [255].…”

Sn0.1-Li4Ti5O12/C as a promising cathode material with a large capacity and high rate performance for Mg–Li hybrid batteries

“…MLIBs combine the advantages of fast insertion of Li + in the cathode material and the dendritefree properties of the Mg anode electrode. [20][21][22][23] In the electrochemical reaction, the cathode side avoids the slow kinetic reaction of Mg 2+ . The faster kinetics provided by Li + means that the insertion from the cathode electrode material ensures the rate performance of the MLIBs.…”