Revealing the effects of the ball milling pretreatment on the ethanosolv fractionation of lignin from walnut and pistachio shells

Blasi, Davide; Mesto, Davide; Cotugno, Pietro; Calvano, Cosima Damiana; Presti, Marco Lo; Farinola, Gianluca M.

doi:10.1080/17518253.2022.2143244

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In general, the ATR-IR spectrum of BM indicates the occurrence of high amounts of aromatics. Indeed, the peak signals at 1595, 1328, and 834 cm −1 are typical of syringyl units [22,23]; those at 1512, 1263, and 1217 cm −1 are due to guaiacyl ones [24], which may be related to the partial lignin depolymerization [12]. Signals of phenolic -OH can be seen at 1366 and 1328 cm −1 [24], while signals in the region 900-1100 cm −1 are due to the presence of carbohydrates [25].…”

Section: Atr-ftir Characterization Of Ball Milling Ethanolic Extracts...mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This study starts from the evidence of the enormous difference in the radical scavenger activity (RSA) of hammer-milled (HM) compared to ball-milled (BM) dried walnut shell extracts, as determined via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) colorimetric assay. Indeed, the HM extract exhibited an inhibition concentration (IC 50 ) of 0.235 ± 0.005 mg/mL that drastically increased up to 116 ± 3 mg/mL in the case of the BM samples [12], thus indicating a higher RSA in the less powdered HM sample.…”

Section: Atr-ftir Characterization Of Ball Milling Ethanolic Extracts...mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Firstly, the analyses focused on the HM sample due to the putatively higher RSA [12]. The walnut shell extracts demonstrated a complex profile comprising hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds.…”

Section: Lc-ms Characterization Of Phenolic Compounds In Walnut Shell...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Walnuts were cultivated in Apulia (Italy) and gently provided by a local farmer. Powders of walnut shells were obtained using a procedure reported in the literature [12]. Dried walnut shells were crushed into small fragments using a hammer and sieved with a 1 mm sieve (sample HM).…”

Section: Ethanol Extraction Of Dried Walnut Shellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extracts from walnut shells are a precious source of bioactive compounds with remarkable antioxidant activity [10,11] and potential applications spacing from cosmetics to nutraceuticals. In this context, some of us recently reported on the lignin ethanosolv fractionation from dried walnut shells focusing on the role of biomass pre-treatment conditions [12]. Extractives were isolated using a Soxhlet apparatus and food-grade ethanol as a solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Milling on the Ethanolic Extract Composition of Dried Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Shells

Ventura,

Mesto,

Blasi

et al. 2023

IJMS

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This study investigates the ethanolic extract of dried walnut (Juglans regia L.) shells upon hammer milling (HM) and ball milling (BM) grinding processes. Marked differences were observed in the attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra. The two extracts were investigated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and high-resolution mass spectrometry (RPLC-ESI-HRMS). Following enzymatic digestion, the fatty acids (FAs) were examined, and tandem MS of epoxidized species was applied to establish the C-C double bond position; the most abundant species were FA 18:2 Δ9,12, FA 18:1 Δ9, and FA 18:3 Δ9,12,15. However, no significant qualitative differences were observed between FAs in the two samples. Thus, the presence of potential active secondary metabolites was explored, and more than 30 phenolic compounds, including phenols, ellagic acid derivatives, and flavonoids, were found. Interestingly, the HM samples showed a high concentration of ellagitannins and hydrolyzable tannins, which were absent in the BM sample. These findings corroborate the greater phenolic content in the HM sample, as evaluated by the Folin–Ciocalteu test. Among the others, the occurrence of lanceoloside A at m/z 391.1037 [C19H20O9-H]−, and a closely related benzoyl derivate at m/z 405.1190 (C20H22O9-H]−), was ascertained. The study provides valuable information that highlights the significance of physical pre-treatments, such as mill grinding, in shaping the composition of extracts, with potential applications in the biorefinery or pharmaceutical industries.

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Section: Atr-ftir Characterization Of Ball Milling Ethanolic Extracts...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Atr-ftir Characterization Of Ball Milling Ethanolic Extracts...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Lc-ms Characterization Of Phenolic Compounds In Walnut Shell...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ethanol Extraction Of Dried Walnut Shellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Effect of Milling on the Ethanolic Extract Composition of Dried Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Shells

Ventura,

Mesto,

Blasi

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Pretreatment and fermentation of lignocellulose from oil palm fronds as a potential source of fibre for ruminant feed: a review

Kusmiati,

Syaputri,

Abun

et al. 2024

J of Sust Agri & Env

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Oil palm fronds are plantation waste widely available in large quantities and have great potential as a source of ruminant feed due to their high fibre content. However, the lignocellulose content can inhibit feed digestion. This review examines methods that can reduce the lignocellulose content and improve the nutritional quality of palm fronds. The lignin content of palm fronds ranges from 17% to 20%, while the maximum lignin content in ruminant feed is 7%. Processing processes such as pretreatment are needed to reduce the lignocellulose content. Pretreatment can be done physically, chemically, biologically or in combination with other methods. Physical pretreatment aims to reduce the size of lignocellulose, chemical pretreatment seeks to break the crystallinity structure of lignocellulose with chemical solutions such as acids or alkalis, and biological pretreatment degrades the structure of lignocellulose with the help of enzymes produced by microbes. The protein content of palm fronds also does not meet the feed standard, which is only 5%, while according to Indonesian national standards, ruminant feed, especially cattle, must have a minimum protein content of 14%. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the nutritional quality of palm fronds through fermentation methods. The selection of the right microbes is the main factor in the success of increasing nutrition. The SSF fermentation method is frequently used in feed manufacturing. By synthesizing the current knowledge, this review also highlights the challenges of the pretreatment process as well as solutions that include prospects in the research of palm fronds as ruminant feed, which in turn can contribute to the increased utilization of lignocellulosic waste as animal feed.

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Uncovering heterogeneity of anacardic acids from pistachio shells: A novel approach for structural characterization

et al. 2023

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Revealing the effects of the ball milling pretreatment on the ethanosolv fractionation of lignin from walnut and pistachio shells

Cited by 5 publications

References 57 publications

The Effect of Milling on the Ethanolic Extract Composition of Dried Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Shells

The Effect of Milling on the Ethanolic Extract Composition of Dried Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Shells

Pretreatment and fermentation of lignocellulose from oil palm fronds as a potential source of fibre for ruminant feed: a review

Uncovering heterogeneity of anacardic acids from pistachio shells: A novel approach for structural characterization

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