Revealing past needle retention in <i>Pinus</i> spp.

Kurkela, Timo; Jalkanen, Risto

doi:10.1080/02827589009382630

Cited by 46 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The numbers of needles which had been attached on each annual shoot in the succeeding annual rings were counted from the sample bolts using the NTM (cf. Kurkela & Jalkanen, 1990). To find needle traces in the tree rings of the previous years, the bolts of each annual shoot were handled according to the protocol presented by Aalto and Jalkanen (1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth response of young Scots pines to needle loss assessed from productive foliage

Kurkela

Drenkhan

Vuorinen³

et al. 2009

Forestry Studies / Metsanduslikud Uurimused

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Abstract. The amount of productive foliage was assessed with the help of the relative significance of each annual needle set in their contribution to the growth of young Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris). The number of needles in the subsequent needle sets was studied retrospectively in twelve-year-old stand, and the worst needle loss years were detected. The growth rate of trees was compared with the number of needles in the annual needle sets and with the loss of needles from the assessed productive foliage. Needles in the 4 th and older needle sets remaining in the trees were interpreted as useless or less important if their amount did not correlate with the growth. The second and third needle sets supported both radial and height growth. Most variation in the needle loss during 1999-2002, caused mainly by summer drought and by fungal needle cast due to Lophodermium seditiosum, occurred in the third annual needle set. Decrease in both radial and height increments in relation to the needle loss were apparent in the total material for 1997-2004, but needle loss reduced the annual growth significantly only in two-three years inside that period.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth response of young Scots pines to needle loss assessed from productive foliage

Kurkela

Drenkhan

Vuorinen³

et al. 2009

Forestry Studies / Metsanduslikud Uurimused

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“…This mechanism can be used to reveal needle retention. The principle of needle trace assessment was first described by Kurkela and Jalkanen [20] for pine. They recorded the number of needle traces at the trunk for each shoot at its tangential surface and produced time series -analogous to tree-ring series.…”

Section: Revealing Past Needle Retentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Kurkela and Jalkanen [20] introduced a new method -the so-called needle trace method (NTM) -which allows the reconstruction of the foliation of conifers. They counted the needle traces of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) to record past needle retention and annual needle loss and used this information, for example, in forest pathology [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliation of spruce in the Giant Mts. and its coherence with growth and climate over the last 100 years

Sander

Eckstein

2001

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Five spruces (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in the Giant Mts., Czech Republic were investigated to reconstruct variations in their foliation over the last 100 years and to establish possible coherences with growth and climate. Foliation was assessed by means of the needle traces in the main trunk. The annual average needle production of 355 needles per shoot correlated with the annual shoot length and was affected by the temperature prevailing in March and October of the previous year. A determination of needle production by the length of the vegetation period is discussed. The needle retention of the trees was 6.5 needle sets on average but there were considerable long-term variations, and maximum needle age even reached 9.8 years. Needle shed was between 0.1 and 2.3 needle sets per year and no connection was revealed between needle shed and radial increment or shoot growth. Needle retention and annual needle shed were independent of climate.

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“…Pre zhodnotenie dlhodobej retencie ihlíc na boroviciach možno aplikovať metódu stôp po ihličí -NTM (Needle Trace Method), ktorú vyvinuli fínski odborníci začiatkom deväťdesiatych rokov (KURKELA, JALKANEN 1990). Metóda sa zakladá na zisťovaní počtu stôp, ktoré vytvárajú kanáliky spájajúce dreňovú časť kmeňa (alebo vetvy) a ihlice.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…The main weaknesses of visual assessment are: certain subjectivity of each observer, acquirement of data only for currentyear needle retention, and inadequate consideration of the natural variability of needle retention in this tree species (INNES 1998). KURKELA and JALKANEN (1990) invented the Needle Trace Method (NTM), which dissolved the above mentioned problems and enabled to survey needle retention (number of needle sets) retrospectively for almost the whole tree's life.…”

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confidence: 99%

Needle traces as indicators of growing conditions in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Konôpka¹

2003

J. For. Sci.

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Needle retention (number of needle sets) and needle density (number of needle pairs per centimeter of shoot) were surveyed on Scots pines in five forest regions of Slovakia. The Needle Trace Method (NTM) was used to determine needle retention and needle density along the main stem retrospectively for the last four decades. In all forest regions, the values of these indicators varied from year to year. However, in Záhorská lowland, Vtáčnik, Krupinská plain, and High Tatras, the trends of both observed indicators were constant over the time series. The situation was different in the Levočské hills, where the needle retention displayed a decreasing trend and needle density an increasing trend. These trends probably reflected a long-term stress of air pollution on pines in this forest stand.Keywords: needle retention; needle density; environmental and anthropogenic impacts JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE, 49, 2003 (1) branches was assessed visually whorl by whorl at a precision of 0.1 needle set (data for the current year 2000 or 2001). Then, the branches were cut from the main stem. Using a chain saw and a waterproof pen-marker, a linear mark was drawn onto the stem to indicate the east-facing side. The stems were cut into pieces respecting annual shoots (i.e. each piece represented a section between two neighboring whorls). The lengths of the annual shoots (height increments), starting from breast height to tree top, were measured and considered for further needle trace survey. Every shoot was shortened for a bolt approximately 15 cm long. Tree code and numerical order within the stem were marked on the bolts. The bolts with discs cut off at breast height were transported and dried at a room temperature for a few days.The annual radial increments were measured from the breast-height discs. The bolts were longitudinally split with an axe to get their central parts and all the rings containing needle traces on the marked east-facing side. The ends of the bolts were polished with an electric grinding machine to make the rings easily distinguishable. Then, angles were drawn on both ends of the bolts delimiting the examined area. The precise length of every bolt was measured. The bolts were planed manually ring by ring, and the number of needle traces in each ring was recorded. The data on height increment, radial increment, angles α 1 and α 2 , bolt length and number of needle traces in each ring were processed using the computer program NTMENG version 5.1 (AALTO, JALKANEN 1998b). The computer program calculates summer and winter retention (i.e. number of needle sets in growing season and in dormancy season), annual needle loss (differences between the number of needle sets in summer and in successive winter), needle density per cm of shoot, number of needle pairs in leading shoot and total number of needles on stem for every year of the tree's life. More detailed information on the procedure of the NTM, as well as the formulas to calculate the particular parameters, are in the manuals "The needle trace method"...

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Revealing past needle retention in Pinus spp.

Cited by 46 publications

References 4 publications

Growth response of young Scots pines to needle loss assessed from productive foliage

Growth response of young Scots pines to needle loss assessed from productive foliage

Foliation of spruce in the Giant Mts. and its coherence with growth and climate over the last 100 years

Needle traces as indicators of growing conditions in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

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