2010
DOI: 10.1021/ja100936w
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Revealing Noncovalent Interactions

Abstract: Molecular structure does not easily identify the intricate non-covalent interactions that govern many areas of biology and chemistry, including design of new materials and drugs. We develop an approach to detect non-covalent interactions in real space, based on the electron density and its derivatives. Our approach reveals underlying chemistry that compliments the covalent structure. It provides a rich representation of van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonds, and steric repulsion in small molecules, molecu… Show more

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Cited by 7,181 publications
(5,761 citation statements)
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References 53 publications
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“…40 They can be either, as shown by the results for the CH 4-x F x dimers ( Figure S7). According to our NCI results, which was here performed for noncovalent interactions, but could also be applied to the covalent framework, 16 the CF···FC interaction is attractive in compounds 1-3. We now turn to a critical analysis of this finding.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…40 They can be either, as shown by the results for the CH 4-x F x dimers ( Figure S7). According to our NCI results, which was here performed for noncovalent interactions, but could also be applied to the covalent framework, 16 the CF···FC interaction is attractive in compounds 1-3. We now turn to a critical analysis of this finding.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…28 NCI calculations were also performed on the obtained MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ electron densities by using the NCIPLOT 3.0 program. 16 In addition, geometry optimisations, QTAIM and NCI calculations were performed at selected levels of density functional theory (DFT) with a variety of basis sets. These results are deposited in the electronic supplementary information (ESI).…”
Section: Computational Detailsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several schemes have been proposed in the last decades to extract from ρ(r) as much chemical information as possible, which involve its visualization (profiles, 2D maps, 3D graphical representations), partition according to different schemes, topological analysis, etc. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] In this respect, one of the most powerful and popular techniques is represented by Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), which relies on the topological analysis of ρ(r). 16 If a routine analysis of the wave-function |Ψ of a small system is a non particularly demanding task from a computational point of view (when compared to the convergence of the self-consistent field, SCF, procedure or to the analytical evaluation of energy gradients), this is clearly no more the case either when rather sophisticated techniques are adopted (such as QTAIM) or when large systems are studied.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The NCI method calculates an index based on the electron density and the electron density gradient. 41 This index presents singularities at low density when a weak interaction appears between two fragments. The strength of these interactions can also be calculated and isosurfaces can be plotted to visualize the domains of noncovalent interactions.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%