Revealed «oncologic Markers⻠in the Sea Star Antibody Response to Horse-Radish Peroxydase

Abstract

At least two genes found in the genome of Asterias rubens after immunizations to the antigen Horse-Radish Peroxydase (HRP), could play the role of oncologic markers: The first one (Igkappa chain V-V region T 1 S 107 B precursor) reveals myeloma; The second (B cell CLL/Lymphoma 9-like) as the first one has a kinship to the IgKappa gene subfamily.

Evidence of low affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor gene in an invertebrate: The sea star Asterias rubens

“…In 2011, it was striking to discover Kappa genes [1] in the transcriptome of Asterias rubens, when compared to mouse genome. Two years later we found complement genes [2] from C1 to C9. At last, we cloned a gene, with a SMART kit PCR cDNA synthesis (Clontech) [3]: the "sea star Igkappa gene" with two Ig sites, which lead to the synthesis of a primitive antibody: an anti-HRP antibody, by the use of a E.coli plasmid [4].…”

A New Presumed Igkappa Gene Implied in the Sea Star Immune Response

“…At the beginning of the year 2013, we had found a first candidate IgK gene (Leclerc and Otten, 2013) which possessed an IgSF domain.…”

Evidence of immune genes in the crinoïd: Antedon bifida evidence of A.bifida Igkappa gene and a FC receptor one

“…After stimulation with a foreign antigen:the horse-radish peroxydase(HRP). 1,2 Then,these echinodermata produced a primitive antibody, correlated to an Igkappa gene [3][4][5] to a Fab gene, 6 a Fc receptor gene. 7 But a question desserves to be put: did the ancestral Echinodermata, Antedon bifida, (Crinoïd) possess such genes?…”