Reuse of industrial and agricultural by-products as pozzolan and aggregates in lightweight concrete

Chinnu, S.N.; Minnu, S.N.; Bahurudeen, A.; Senthilkumar, R.

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124172

Cited by 40 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Leveraging locally available and naturally available cob earthen material (clay soil, sand, straw, water mixed in a plastic state) in place of conventionally processed building materials such as concrete masonry and wood wall assemblies for load-bearing walls has the potential to reduce energy use, carbon emissions, air acidification, and particulate matter emissions by 70–90% . Adopting alternative cement binders or geopolymer cements made using secondary raw materials, such as fly ash, kaolin, calcined clays, zeolite, etc., by the activation of alkali solutions emits lower amounts of greenhouse gases and can replace the conventional Portland cement. , Concrete made using recycled concrete; industrial or agricultural byproducts; recycled crushed clay brick aggregate; and cement-replacing materials such as rice husk ash, palm oil fuel ash, and palm oil clinker powder can save carbon emissions when compared with conventional concrete. − Utilizing degraded municipal solid waste or rice husk ash in fired bricks has been shown to result in energy savings. , Ramesh et al found that using aerated concrete blocks in walls and roofs in place of burnt clay bricks and integrating photovoltaic panels in the building has the potential to reduce the energy use of the building by 10 and 40%, respectively. Although beyond the scope of this study, it is important to conduct an economic analysis to assess whether the adoption of greener materials also results in cost savings or whether it results in increased costs …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Template for Evaluating Cradle-to-Site Environmental Life Cycle Impacts of Buildings in India

Chaudhary

Akhtar

2022

ACS Environ. Au

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A massive amount of building construction is expected in economically developing nations such as India over the next few years. The first step in ensuring that the new construction takes place in a sustainable manner is the knowledge about the building’s impact on multiple environmental domains. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a promising tool for this, but its application in the Indian construction sector is hampered by a lack of access to detailed inventory data on amounts of all building materials used and the per unit environmental footprints of individual materials (characterization factors). Here, we overcome these limitations by proposing a novel approach that connects the building bill of quantity data with publicly available analysis of rate documents to obtain the detailed material inventory. The approach then combines the material inventory data with the newly available India-specific environmental footprint database of construction materials to calculate the impacts of a building during its different life cycle stages (cradle to site). We demonstrate the new approach through a case study of a residential building within a hospital in North-East India and quantify its environmental footprint on six domains of the environment: energy use, global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication, and photochemical oxidant formation potential. Results show that out of 78 materials used, bricks, aluminum sections, steel bars, and cement are the major contributors to the building’s total environmental impact. The material manufacturing stage is the hotspot in the building’s life cycle. Our approach can act as a template for conducting “cradle-to-site” LCA of buildings for which BOQ data becomes available in India and other countries in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Template for Evaluating Cradle-to-Site Environmental Life Cycle Impacts of Buildings in India

Chaudhary

Akhtar

2022

ACS Environ. Au

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“…Lightweight concretes and mortars are irreplaceable in the construction industry because of their low weight, low thermal conductivity, good acoustic insulation function, fire resistance, etc. [13,14]. In particular, their low weight is a significant benefit allowing structures, such as beams, columns, etc., to be slimmed down, thus providing new technical solutions contributing to material and financial savings [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Waste-Expanded Thermoplastic as a Sustainable Filler for Cement-Based Composites for Greener Construction

Pokorný,

Zárybnická,

Ševčík

et al. 2024

Buildings

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Plastics represent an integral part of our everyday lives, with various functions from packaging materials to insulation layers in our buildings. Pure expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a good example of a fully recyclable material. However, once polluted with other materials or substances, EPS becomes a serious environmental burden. In this work, waste EPS for the production of greener building composites with balanced properties and utility value was investigated. Natural aggregate (2/4 mm) was substituted with corresponding fractions of a thermoplastic alternative in portions of 25, 50, 75, and 100 vol.%. The comprehensive experimental investigation evaluated physical and mechanical properties, heat transport and accumulation, and water absorption characteristics. Due to the uniformly distributed plastic particles in the hardened cement-based matrix, the data revealed an important reduction in the dead weight of produced mortars, which also reduced thermal conductivity by up to 47%. On one hand, lightweight mortars showed partially reduced mechanical resistivity; on the other hand, the EPS bead-modified structure turned out to be effective in liquid water transport reduction.

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“…However, in terms of thermal insulation, this material has rather poor properties. For this reason, in modern construction, lightweight concrete is increasingly used, which offers much better thermal insulation parameters compared to regular concrete at the expense of lower mechanical strength [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Studies on a Lightweight Porous Cement-Based Composite – Gel Concrete

Strzałkowski,

Stolarska

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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This paper presents some preliminary results of research on light, highly porous cement composites – gel concretes. A material based on Portland cement was tested, the very high porosity of which (over 60%) was obtained by direct gelatinization of starch in a liquid cement slurry. A composite based solely on cement and concretes produced with the addition of metakaolin or zeolite was tested. The basic properties of the concretes obtained in this way were determined, i.e., the volume density in a dry state, the thermal properties, and the compressive strength. In the case of the thermal properties, tests were performed on specimens dried to constant mass, while the test itself was carried out at an average temperature of 10°C. The tests employed an Isomet 2114 apparatus, which uses a non-stationary heat flow technique. The thermal conductivity coefficients and the volumetric specific heat were determined. The compressive strength tests were carried out on cubic specimens with a side of 4 cm after 28 days of curing by air-drying. Four specimens of each type of composite were tested. For composites based solely on Portland cement, the sorption properties of the material were also tested. For this purpose, the method of dynamic water vapor sorption (DVS) was used. As a result, graphs of the sorption and desorption of individual composites of different densities were obtained. Preliminary qualitative tests were also carried out using an electron microscope. The use of the starch gelatinization process directly in the cement slurry made it possible to obtain a very homogeneous material, in which the initial, temporary structure was starch gel, around which, after exceeding the setting time of the cement, the target cement-based structure was formed – gel concrete. The tested materials are innovative, having excellent thermal properties, comparable mechanical properties to lightweight concretes of the same densities, and is formed using an easily available, relatively cheap admixture in the form of starch. They can be used to produce small masonry elements, such as blocks for external walls or other typical prefabricated lightweight concrete elements.

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Reuse of industrial and agricultural by-products as pozzolan and aggregates in lightweight concrete

Cited by 40 publications

References 104 publications

Template for Evaluating Cradle-to-Site Environmental Life Cycle Impacts of Buildings in India

Template for Evaluating Cradle-to-Site Environmental Life Cycle Impacts of Buildings in India

Utilization of Waste-Expanded Thermoplastic as a Sustainable Filler for Cement-Based Composites for Greener Construction

Preliminary Studies on a Lightweight Porous Cement-Based Composite – Gel Concrete

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