“…In the last two decades, ICT skills, that is, the ability to use information and communication technologies, have become valid for both individuals and societies (Altunisik & Akturk, (2021;International ICT Literacy Panel, 2007;Kaleli, 2021;Noroozi, Banihashem & Biemans, 2021;Shastri & Chudasma, 2022;Sünbül, Gündüz & Yılmaz, 2002). For example, recent research confirms the important role of ICT skills for the employability, earnings and social inclusion of individuals, as well as for the economic growth of societies (Alan & Sünbül, 2015;European Commission, 2021;Falck, Heimisch & Wiederhold, 2016;Hebebci, 2021;Kaleli, 2020). As a result of this digital transformation, ICT skills have become an important factor in individuals' professional careers and job performances.…”