Returning to Where?

Abstract

There is a growing understanding that migration trajectories can be complex – spanning several destination countries and including multi-directional mobilities. This paper contributes to the ongoing theorisation of diasporas through a focus on the ‘return mobilities of onward migrants’ – return moves of individuals who have lived in several destination countries either to Nigeria or a previous country of residence. Given that a longing to return to the ancestral homeland has generally been understood as a defining feature of diasporas, relatively few studies have focused on ‘returns’ to other countries or locales. Based on research with Nigerian migrants in Germany, England and Spain, this paper explores some of the core elements that structure their transnational practices and mediate experiences of return mobility, including family dynamics at different life stages and evolving understandings of ‘belonging’. Thereby, this paper highlights the shifting geographic constellations of transnational families and the variety of ‘return’ mobility patterns.

Return Policies and Everyday Resistance: An Exploration of Nigerian Migrants’ Experiences in Austria

“…Alternatively, certain migrants may choose to stay in Austria with the aim of either regularising their legal status or continuing to stay in an irregular situation. Others may feel compelled to move onward to another destination (Ahrens 2022). 2 Numerous studies have illuminated the resilience and determination exhibited by asylum seekers or migrants whose applications have been denied.…”

“…Migration decisions are complex, considering factors such as life stage, duration of stay, legal status, financial situation, caregiving responsibilities, political stability, and social networks (Ahrens 2022). In Europe, enforcing return policies for irregular migrants has documented challenges at the policy level, including resistance, self-injury, absconding, multiple asylum applications, cooperation issues, document acquisition, organisational obstacles, and medical concerns (EMN 2016).…”