Return to fertility following discontinuation of oral contraceptives

Barnhart, Kurt T.; Schreiber, Courtney A.

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.003

Cited by 59 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This finding accords with a study of ovarian activity following a continuous COC regimen in which ovulation was documented by ultrasound and serum hormone levels within 3 weeks of stopping the pill in all but one of the 37 participants 59. Recent reviews of return of fertility following extended and continuous COC use found no RCTs, but concluded from the available evidence that return to fertility after discontinuation of extended regimens is comparable to that following cyclic COC use 60 61…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Evolution of extended use of the combined oral contraceptive pill

Panicker

Mann

Shawe

et al. 2014

J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Extended use of the combined oral contraceptive pill (COC), defined as taking active pills for at least 28 days, has been used in order to avoid bleeding at important times and to treat gynaecological conditions such as endometriosis. We examined the main issues involved in extended use of the COC and how it has evolved from being one of medicine's best-kept secrets to becoming more widely accepted by women and the medical community. Study design Literature review, using Medline, Embase, Pubmed, CINHAL Plus, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Ovid database for all relevant clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, literature reviews, scientific papers and individual opinions between 1950 and October 2013. Results Accumulating evidence supports various forms of extended pill use as suitable alternatives to the standard (21/7) regimen. In terms of user preference, much hinges on whether women wish to reduce the frequency or duration of scheduled bleeding on the combined pill. Available data on the safety of extended pill regimens do not give cause for concern, but longer term data should be collected. Conclusions Information for women considering extended COC regimens should keep pace with research findings to ensure that women and clinicians are better informed about the choices available.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Evolution of extended use of the combined oral contraceptive pill

Panicker

Mann

Shawe

et al. 2014

J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It seems plausible that some physiologic effects may persist for a few months after discontinuing OCs, since women tend to be less fertile for the first few cycles following OC cessation. (14, 31)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Menstrual cycle changes have been documented to persist for at least six months following OC cessation. (12) Current OC has been associated with increases in C-reactive protein (13) and insulin levels, (14, 15) lower serum hormone binding globulin (SHBG)(16) and androgens and decreased libido, (17) and a few studies suggest that some changes may persist after women discontinue OCs. (18–20) Birth weight is associated with many adult-onset health outcomes, including cancer, (21, 22) metabolic syndrome, (23, 24) and obesity; (25, 26) extremes on either end of the birth weight spectrum may have detrimental effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-gravid oral contraceptive use in relation to birth weight: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Few studies have evaluated the association between pregravid oral contraceptive (OC) use and birth weight, and findings have been conflicting. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 5921 pregnancy planners in Denmark to evaluate recency, duration, and type of OC used before conception in relation to infant birth weight. Participants completed online questionnaires and reported detailed information on contraceptive history and covariates at baseline. Participants completed bimonthly follow-up questionnaires to update their pregnancy status for up to12 months or until conception occurred. Birth weight data were ascertained from the Danish Medical Birth Registry for 4046 live births delivered by study participants between 2008 and 2010. We used multivariable linear and log-binomial regression analyses to control for confounding. Mean birth weight was higher among women who had used OCs within 0–1 months (mean difference = 97 g, CI: 26, 168) or 2–6 months (mean difference=40 g, CI: −5, 85) before conception, compared with more than 12 months before conception. Mean birth weight was lower among women who had used OCs for long durations (mean difference comparing ≥12 with <4 years of OC use = −85 g, CI: −158, −11). Our findings indicate that pregravid OC use within 6 months of conception may be associated with a small increase in birth weight, but that long duration of use may have the opposite effect. Results were stronger among male infants, among 2nd and 4th generation OC users, and among users of OCs with a higher estrogen dose.

show abstract

“…is comparable to . other contraceptive methods'' (2). Although we are pleased to see the addition of empirical evidence to this debate, we have some concerns about the role of parity in the time to conception, and are concerned that an uncritical acceptance of this conclusion may cause harm.…”

Section: Parity and Subfertility Effects Of Continuous Oral Contracepmentioning

confidence: 99%