Return on Investment of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign in New York City

Sah, Pratha; Vilches, Thomas N.; Moghadas, Seyed M.; Pandey, Abhishek; Gondi, Suhas; Schneider, Eric C.; Singer, Jesse; Chokshi, Dave A.; Galvani, Alison P.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.43127

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Vaccines have a well-established record of being safe, reliable and highly cost-effective public health interventions with proven capacity to reduce preventable deaths, defer healthcare costs, and prevent long-term disabilities associated with infectious diseases ((VoICE), 2019 ; Kirson et al, 2022 ). Data have emerged from across multiple jurisdictions globally to show that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 had clear patient, health system, and immediate and long-term societal benefits (Kelly et al, 2022 ; Kirson et al, 2022 ; Lopez et al, 2021 ; Marcellusi et al, 2022 ; Sah et al, 2022 ). Our study corroborates these findings and strongly asserts how vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 represents a priority population health intervention to pre-emptively mitigate predicted strain on health systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A population-based assessment of avoidable hospitalizations and resource use of non-vaccinated patients with COVID-19

Bagshaw

Abbott

Beesoon

et al. 2023

Can J Public Health

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Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has precipitated a prolonged public health crisis. Numerous public health protections were widely implemented. The availability of effective and safe vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presented an opportunity to resolve this crisis; however, vaccine uptake was slow and inconsistent. This study evaluated the potential for preventable hospitalizations and avoidable resource use among eligible non-vaccinated persons hospitalized for COVID-19 had these persons been vaccinated. Methods This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study. The population-at-risk were persons aged ≥ 12 years in Alberta (mid-year 2021 population ~ 4.4 million). The primary exposure was vaccination status. The primary outcome was hospitalization with confirmed SARS-CoV-2, and secondary outcomes included avoidable hospitalizations, avoidable hospital bed-days, and the potential cost avoidance related to COVID-19. The study inception period was 27 September 2021 to 25 January 2022. Data on COVID-19 hospitalizations, vaccination status, health services, and costs were obtained from the Government of Alberta and from the Discharge Abstract Database. Results Hospitalizations occurred in 3835, 1907, and 481 persons who were non-vaccinated, fully vaccinated, and boosted (risk of hospitalization/100,000 population: 886, 92, and 43), respectively. For non-vaccinated persons compared with fully vaccinated and boosted persons, the risk ratios (95%CI) of hospitalization were 9.7 (7.9–11.8) and 20.6 (17.9–23.6), respectively. For non-vaccinated persons, estimates of avoidable hospitalizations and bed-days used were 3439 and 36,331 if fully vaccinated and 3764 and 40,185 if boosted. Estimates of cost avoidance for non-vaccinated persons were $101.46 million if fully vaccinated and $110.24 million if boosted. Conclusion Eligible non-vaccinated persons with COVID-19 had tenfold and 21-fold higher risks of hospitalization relative to whether they had been fully vaccinated or boosted, resulting in considerable avoidable hospital bed-days and costs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.17269/s41997-023-00777-2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A population-based assessment of avoidable hospitalizations and resource use of non-vaccinated patients with COVID-19

Bagshaw

Abbott

Beesoon

et al. 2023

Can J Public Health

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“…33 Achieving high booster uptake requires investment and outreach at the national level. Despite direct costs associated with vaccination (eg, vaccination clinic setup, vaccine storage and transportation, vaccine administration, vaccine doses, and vaccine waste) and those incurred indirectly as a result of work days lost due to vaccination clinic visits or adverse reactions to vaccines, the return on this investment could be substantial, 34 with potential reductions in severe outcomes and school absenteeism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated US Pediatric Hospitalizations and School Absenteeism Associated With Accelerated COVID-19 Bivalent Booster Vaccination

et al. 2023

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ImportanceAdverse outcomes of COVID-19 in the pediatric population include disease and hospitalization, leading to school absenteeism. Booster vaccination for eligible individuals across all ages may promote health and school attendance.ObjectiveTo assess whether accelerating COVID-19 bivalent booster vaccination uptake across the general population would be associated with reduced pediatric hospitalizations and school absenteeism.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this decision analytical model, a simulation model of COVID-19 transmission was fitted to reported incidence data from October 1, 2020, to September 30, 2022, with outcomes simulated from October 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023. The transmission model included the entire age-stratified US population, and the outcome model included children younger than 18 years.InterventionsSimulated scenarios of accelerated bivalent COVID-19 booster campaigns to achieve uptake that was either one-half of or similar to the age-specific uptake observed for 2020 to 2021 seasonal influenza vaccination in the eligible population across all age groups.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were estimated hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and isolation days of symptomatic infection averted among children aged 0 to 17 years and estimated days of school absenteeism averted among children aged 5 to 17 years under the accelerated bivalent booster campaign simulated scenarios.ResultsAmong children aged 5 to 17 years, a COVID-19 bivalent booster campaign achieving age-specific coverage similar to influenza vaccination could have averted an estimated 5 448 694 (95% credible interval [CrI], 4 936 933-5 957 507) days of school absenteeism due to COVID-19 illness. In addition, the booster campaign could have prevented an estimated 10 019 (95% CrI, 8756-11 278) hospitalizations among the pediatric population aged 0 to 17 years, of which 2645 (95% CrI, 2152-3147) were estimated to require intensive care. A less ambitious booster campaign with only 50% of the age-specific uptake of influenza vaccination among eligible individuals could have averted an estimated 2 875 926 (95% CrI, 2 524 351-3 332 783) days of school absenteeism among children aged 5 to 17 years and an estimated 5791 (95% CrI, 4391-6932) hospitalizations among children aged 0 to 17 years, of which 1397 (95% CrI, 846-1948) were estimated to require intensive care.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this decision analytical model, increased uptake of bivalent booster vaccination among eligible age groups was associated with decreased hospitalizations and school absenteeism in the pediatric population. These findings suggest that although COVID-19 prevention strategies often focus on older populations, the benefits of booster campaigns for children may be substantial.

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“…Direct costs included medical costs due to COVID-19 cases, comprising outpatient care and hospitalization for acute COVID-19 and treatment of PCC. Vaccination program costs encompassed the cost of purchasing and administering COVID-19 vaccines, including estimated wastage, as well costs associated with delivery of the program to the population, such as storage and transportation, clinic set up, and advertisement and outreach (( 10 )). The cost of wasted doses excluded vaccine administration costs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial economic evaluations of COVID-19 vaccination in North America have demonstrated that COVID-19 vaccination programs have resulted in substantial economic benefit (( 10 , 11 )). An analysis of Canada’s vaccination program estimated a net cost-benefit of −$0.4 billion to $2.1 billion when considering treatment costs and lost productivity due to illness, and a further $27.6 billion benefit due to prevented mortality (( 11 )).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the economic gains associated with COVID-19 vaccination in the Canadian population: A cost-benefit analysis

Tuite¹,

Ng²,

Ximenes³

et al. 2023

CCDR

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Background Vaccination has been a key part of Canada’s coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic response. Although the clinical benefits of vaccination are clear, an understanding of the population-level benefits of vaccination relative to the programmatic costs is of value. The objective of this article is to quantify the economic impact of COVID-19 vaccination in the Canadian population between December 2020 and March 2022. Methods We conducted a model-based cost-benefit analysis of Canada’s COVID-19 vaccination program. We used an epidemiological model to estimate the number of COVID-19 symptomatic cases, hospitalizations, post-COVID condition (PCC) cases, and deaths in the presence and absence of vaccination. Median, lower and upper 95% credible interval (95% CrI) outcome values from 100 model simulations were used to estimate the direct and indirect costs of illness, including the value of health. We used a societal perspective and a 1.5% discount rate. Results We estimated that the costs of the vaccination program were far outweighed by the savings associated with averted infections and associated downstream consequences. Vaccination increased the net benefit by CAD $298.1 billion (95% CrI: 27.2–494.6) compared to the no vaccination counterfactual. The largest benefits were due to averted premature mortality, resulting in an estimated $222.0 billion (95% CrI: 31.2–379.0) benefit. Conclusion Our model-based economic evaluation provides a retrospective assessment of COVID-19 vaccination during the first 16 months of the program in Canada and suggests that it was welfare-improving, considering the decreased hospitalizations and use of healthcare resources, deaths averted and lower morbidity from conditions such as PCC.

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Return on Investment of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign in New York City

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

A population-based assessment of avoidable hospitalizations and resource use of non-vaccinated patients with COVID-19

A population-based assessment of avoidable hospitalizations and resource use of non-vaccinated patients with COVID-19

Estimated US Pediatric Hospitalizations and School Absenteeism Associated With Accelerated COVID-19 Bivalent Booster Vaccination

Quantifying the economic gains associated with COVID-19 vaccination in the Canadian population: A cost-benefit analysis

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