Return of the founder Chikungunya virus to its place of introduction into Brazil is revealed by genomic characterization of exanthematic disease cases

Abstract

Giovanetti (2020) Return of the founder Chikungunya virus to its place of introduction into Brazil is revealed by genomic characterization of exanthematic disease cases,

Short report: Introduction of chikungunya virus ECSA genotype into the Brazilian Midwest and its dispersion through the Americas

“…The ECSA lineage seems to be the main genotype currently circulating in Brazil since its introduction in the northeastern region in 2014, despite detection of the Asian lineage in that same year in northern Brazil [4]. From previous studies addressing interregional dispersion of the virus [4], CHIKV outbreaks have been registered in northern, northeastern, southeastern and midwestern states of Brazil between 2016 and 2019 [5][6][7][8]. The number of probable cases reached 87,687 in 2018 and 132,205 in 2019, with the midwestern region accounting for the second largest number of cases (15.8%) registered in 2018 in Brazil [9].…”

Co-Circulation of Two Independent Clades and Persistence of CHIKV-ECSA Genotype during Epidemic Waves in Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil

“…A year later, in 2014, in Brazil, the co-circulation of the Asian and ECSA genotypes were reported in Northern and Northeastern, respectively [8,9]. Since then, the ECSA genotype has been detected in several other Brazilian states in the northeastern, southeastern, and northern regions, exerting a serious threat to public health [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Chikungunya virus infections in Finnish travellers 2009-2019

“…At the moment, three major genetic lineages are found: West African, East/Central/South African (ECSA) which includes the Indian Ocean lineage (IOL) that emerged in 2004, and the Asian lineage [3]. Large outbreaks have occurred in Asia, for example, in Thailand during the years 2008-2009, 2013, and 2018-2019, but also in the Americas during 2013-15, and more recently, in Brazil in 2017-18 [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. An acute CHIKV infection has a mean incubation time of three days and the clinical symptoms include fever, rash, severe joint and muscle pain, and edema in the joints [13].…”