Return of Alkaline Phosphatase in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia Cells in Diffusion Chamber Cultures

Chikkappa, G.; Boecker, Werner; Börner, G. Valentin; Carsten, A. L.; Conkling, Katherine; Cook, L. G.; Cronkite, Eugene P.; Dunwoody, S.

doi:10.3181/00379727-143-37288

Cited by 40 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Further, leukocyte alkaline phosphatase is able to return in chronic granulocytic leukaemia mar- 3 These results are based on absolute counts of circulating alkaline phosphatase positive granulocytes and are, therefore, not directly comparable to the results which depend on scoring technique. row cells cultured in a diffusion chamber system [8]. These data appear to support my outlined concept on the meaning of the granulocyte alkaline phosphatase activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Granulocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Activity: A Measure of the Emergence Time of Mature Marrow Neutrophils?

Kelemen¹

1973

Acta Haematol

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Early release of mature bone marrow granulocytes either with ‘empty’ stores or with exaggerated turnover rate of the marrow store furnishes more alkaline phosphatase positive neutrophils, whereas release of already stored cells furnishes more alkaline phosphatase negative cells. Thus, providing other factors, such as release of splenic or marginal granulocytes, do not disturb the condition, neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity appears to reflect the bone marrow retention of candidate cells. The biphasic response to adrenal steroids could be explained by this hypothesis

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Granulocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Activity: A Measure of the Emergence Time of Mature Marrow Neutrophils?

Kelemen¹

1973

Acta Haematol

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“…Hypotheses which relate the loss of enzyme activity directly to possession of the Ph' chromosome (Alter, Dobkin, Pourfar, Rosner, and Lee, 1963) seem incompatible with the return of NAP activity in diffusion chamber cultures (Chikkappa, Boecker, Borner, Carsten, Conkling, Cook, Cronkite, and Dunwoody, 1973) and in vivo during remission of CGL while the bonemarrow cells remain Ph'-positive (Tough, Jacobs, Court Brown, Baikie, and Williamson, 1963). Normal or increased NAP activity and persisting Ph'-positivity is also seen in some cases of CGL after acute transformation (King et al, 1962;Hammouda, Quaglino, and Hayhoe, 1964).…”

Section: Effects Of Splenectomy Upon Nap Scorementioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score in chronic granulocytic leukaemia: effects of splenectomy and antileukaemic drugs.

Spiers¹,

Liew²,

Baikie³

1975

J Clin Pathol

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SYNOPSIS Staining with naphthol AS phosphate and Fast Blue BB salt has been used for the estimation of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) scores in patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL). The very low scores found at diagnosis rise when the disease is treated, and there is some inverse correlation between the NAP score and the absolute neutrophil count. Patients treated intensively developed high NAP scores. Elective splenectomy performed during the chronic phase of CGL is followed by a pronounced but transient neutrophilia and a concurrent striking rise in the NAP score. Similar changes were observed in patients without CGL who underwent splenectomy. These observations can be explained by assuming that newly formed neutrophils in CGL have a normal content of NAP but are rapidly sequestered in non-circulating extramedullary pools, whereas the circulating neutrophil with a typically low NAP content is a relatively aged cell which has lost enzyme activity. In subjects with or without CGL, removal of the spleen, a major site of such pooling, temporarily permits the circulation of newly formed neutrophils but eventually other organs assume the sequestering functions of the spleen. Thus the aberrations of NAP score seen in CGL might be attributable not to an intrinsic cellular defect but to an exaggeration of the granulocyte storage phenomena which also occur in subjects without CGL.

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“…From the rise in NAP activity in our cultures, where we can examine the entire population of newly formed granulocytes without the interfer ence of storage compartments, we exclude that the extremely low enzymatic activity in CML is entirely due to an intrinsic cellular defect, involving chromosomal aberration and defective mechanism for transfer of the genetic message as suggested by Chikkappa etal. [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1973, Chikkappa et al [2] cultured CML bone marrow cells in diffusion cham bers implanted into the abdominal cavity of irradiated mice and observed a growth of highly NAP-positive cells, suggesting an ac tivation of the factors controlling the syn thesis of the enzyme.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Neutrophils of Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia Grown in Liquid Culture

Dallegri¹,

Sessarego²,

Ghio³

et al. 1979

Acta Haematol

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Bone marrow cells from 8 Ph¹-positive patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) have been cultured in vitro. Cellular growth in the presence of the Ph¹-chromosome and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) have been evaluated at intervals of time during 19 days of culture. The mean viable neutrophil count reached a peak level on day 8, and the Ph¹-chromosome was present till day 10 suggesting an active proliferation of leukemic stem cells. NAP activity reached a maximun level in the same number of days as the neutrophil peak.Our data suggest that newly formed neutrophils (Ph¹+) in CML are normal as far as NAP activity is concerned. Moreover, they emphasize the hypothesis that in CML there is an accumulation of aged NAP-negative cells, diluting positive neutrophils with a consequent low NAP score.

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Return of Alkaline Phosphatase in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia Cells in Diffusion Chamber Cultures

Cited by 40 publications

References 3 publications

Granulocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Activity: A Measure of the Emergence Time of Mature Marrow Neutrophils?

Granulocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Activity: A Measure of the Emergence Time of Mature Marrow Neutrophils?

Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score in chronic granulocytic leukaemia: effects of splenectomy and antileukaemic drugs.

Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Neutrophils of Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia Grown in Liquid Culture

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