Retroviruses and microtubule-associated motor proteins

Arriagada, Gloria

doi:10.1111/cmi.12759

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Like the B-type RVs MPMV and MMTV with a MTOC-targeted B/D-type capsid assembly and packaging strategy, FVs face the need to transport the newly assembled capsid to the site of envelopment and budding at different cellular membranes [ 99 ]. There is good evidence that MPMV uses microtubule- and kinesin-mediated anterograde transport of Gag/capsids and Env to the budding site(s) [ 100 ].…”

Section: The Mechanisms Of Membrane Acquisition and Buddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Unique, the Known, and the Unknown of Spumaretrovirus Assembly

Lindemann

Hütter

Wei

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Within the family of Retroviridae, foamy viruses (FVs) are unique and unconventional with respect to many aspects in their molecular biology, including assembly and release of enveloped viral particles. Both components of the minimal assembly and release machinery, Gag and Env, display significant differences in their molecular structures and functions compared to the other retroviruses. This led to the placement of FVs into a separate subfamily, the Spumaretrovirinae. Here, we describe the molecular differences in FV Gag and Env, as well as Pol, which is translated as a separate protein and not in an orthoretroviral manner as a Gag-Pol fusion protein. This feature further complicates FV assembly since a specialized Pol encapsidation strategy via a tripartite Gag-genome–Pol complex is used. We try to relate the different features and specific interaction patterns of the FV Gag, Pol, and Env proteins in order to develop a comprehensive and dynamic picture of particle assembly and release, but also other features that are indirectly affected. Since FVs are at the root of the retrovirus tree, we aim at dissecting the unique/specialized features from those shared among the Spuma- and Orthoretrovirinae. Such analyses may shed light on the evolution and characteristics of virus envelopment since related viruses within the Ortervirales, for instance LTR retrotransposons, are characterized by different levels of envelopment, thus affecting the capacity for intercellular transmission.

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Section: The Mechanisms Of Membrane Acquisition and Buddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Unique, the Known, and the Unknown of Spumaretrovirus Assembly

Lindemann

Hütter

Wei

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Viruses must engage bidirectional cellular transport mechanisms for completing their whole life cycle, and many viruses require microtubules (MTs) during cell entry for efficient nuclear targeting or the cytosolic transport of naked viral particles [70][71][72]. In BFV, co-localization of MTs and assembling viral particles was clearly observed in BFV infected cells, which implied that BFV particles or assembly intermediates may transport along the cellular MTs to the cellular membrane to ultimately egress from the host cell.…”

Section: Function and Localization Of Gagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Foamy Virus: Shared and Unique Molecular Features In Vitro and In Vivo

Materniak-Kornas

Tan

Heit-Mondrzyk

et al. 2019

Viruses

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The retroviral subfamily of Spumaretrovirinae consists of five genera of foamy (spuma) viruses (FVs) that are endemic in some mammalian hosts. Closely related species may be susceptible to the same or highly related FVs. FVs are not known to induce overt disease and thus do not pose medical problems to humans and livestock or companion animals. A robust lab animal model is not available or is a lab animal a natural host of a FV. Due to this, research is limited and often focused on the simian FVs with their well-established zoonotic potential. The authors of this review and their groups have conducted several studies on bovine FV (BFV) in the past with the intention of (i) exploring the risk of zoonotic infection via beef and raw cattle products, (ii) studying a co-factorial role of BFV in different cattle diseases with unclear etiology, (iii) exploring unique features of FV molecular biology and replication strategies in non-simian FVs, and (iv) conducting animal studies and functional virology in BFV-infected calves as a model for corresponding studies in primates or small lab animals. These studies gained new insights into FV-host interactions, mechanisms of gene expression, and transcriptional regulation, including miRNA biology, host-directed restriction of FV replication, spread and distribution in the infected animal, and at the population level. The current review attempts to summarize these findings in BFV and tries to connect them to findings from other FVs.

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“…Numerous members of the retroviridae family have been shown to utilize microtubules and microtubular motor dynein for retrograde trafficking (reviewed in ref. 5) In the case of HIV-1, the minus-end motor dynein has been implicated in the retrograde trafficking of viral RNPs (6,7). Additionally, we and others have observed that inhibiting dynein pharmacologically or genetically perturbs the normal uncoating process, which is defined as the process by which the viral capsid core, which houses the viral genome, disassembles during infection (6,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Bicaudal D2 facilitates the cytoplasmic trafficking and nuclear import of HIV-1 genomes during infection

Dharan

Opp

Abdel-Rahim

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

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Numerous viruses, including HIV-1, exploit the microtubule network to traffic toward the nucleus during infection. Although numerous studies have observed a role for the minus-end microtubule motor dynein in HIV-1 infection, the mechanism by which the viral core containing the viral genome associates with dynein and induces its perinuclear trafficking has remained unclear. Here, we report that the dynein adapter protein bicaudal D2 (BICD2) is able to interact with HIV-1 viral cores in target cells. We also observe that BICD2 can bind in vitro-assembled capsid tubes through its CC3 domain. We observe that BICD2 facilitates infection by promoting the trafficking of viral cores to the nucleus, thereby promoting nuclear entry of the viral genome and infection. Finally, we observe that depletion of BICD2 in the monocytic cell line THP-1 results in an induction of IFN-stimulated genes in these cells. Collectively, these results identify a microtubule adapter protein critical for trafficking of HIV-1 in the cytoplasm of target cells and evasion of innate sensing mechanisms in macrophages.

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Retroviruses and microtubule-associated motor proteins

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

The Unique, the Known, and the Unknown of Spumaretrovirus Assembly

The Unique, the Known, and the Unknown of Spumaretrovirus Assembly

Bovine Foamy Virus: Shared and Unique Molecular Features In Vitro and In Vivo

Bicaudal D2 facilitates the cytoplasmic trafficking and nuclear import of HIV-1 genomes during infection

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