Retrospective trend analysis of the content of U.K. air particulate material 1957–1974

Salmon, Lynn G.; Atkins, D.H.F.; Fisher, E M R; Healy, C. E.; Law, D. V.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(78)90074-8

Cited by 71 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It further supports the idea that the major source of Pb in ambient air was resuspension of road side soil and dust. The concentration of As was found to be higher in residential area, the enrichment was observed in commercial and industrial area showing that smelting, combustion of fossil fuel (Salmon et al, 1978;Pacyna, 1984), resuspension of coal ash (Popovic, Djordjevic, & Polic, 2001) and industrial operations (Mahadevan, Minakshi, & Mishra, 1985) were probably, the major sources of As in RSPM apart from other sources. Enrichment of Ni was low in summer and increased in subsequent seasons except in winter where the enrichment dipped a bit.…”

Section: Enrichment Factormentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Nickel in the atmosphere originates from the smelting and combustion of fossil fuel, particularly oil (SubCommittee on Nickel, 1975;Salmon, Atkins, Fisher, Healy, & Law, 1978;Pacyna, 1984). The average concentration of Ni was maximum in residential area (4.93 -61.91 mg/gm) followed by industrial area (4.15 -27.26 mg/gm) and commercial area (3.98 -11.88 mg/gm).…”

Section: Site-specific Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Seasonal Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter of a Sub-Urban Indian City

Haritash

Kaushik

2006

Environ Monit Assess

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Heavy metals in respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) were analyzed for different seasons, from July 2002 to December 2002, at different locations in Hisar (Haryana, India). The samples were analyzed for Pb, As, Ni, Cu, Mn, Fe and Mg on atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) in air-acetylene flame. The concentration of heavy metals was more in the studied residential area followed by industrial area and commercial area. The concentrations of Fe, As, Ni and Mn were found to be more compared to other metals. Further, the concentrations of all the heavy metals were higher in pre-monsoon (extended summer) and monsoon followed by post-monsoon, autumn and winter. Meteorology played an important role in concentration of heavy metals in RSPM. Turbulent conditions resulted in higher concentration owing to re-suspension and external input whereas, low wind speed, low temperature and high relative humidity favoured low concentration of the pollutants. The evaluation of enrichment factor revealed that Pb, As, Ni, Cu, and Mn are emitted, chiefly from anthropogenic sources and Fe and Mg are associated with natural sources.

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Section: Enrichment Factormentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Site-specific Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Seasonal Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter of a Sub-Urban Indian City

Haritash

Kaushik

2006

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Roberts, Darrall & Lane, 1983). However, increases in the concentration of nitrate in both air and rain have been observed in recent decades (Salmon et al, 1978;Brimblecombe & Stedman, 1982), and this anion now accounts for approximately one third of the acidity measured in British precipitation (Barrett et al, 1983). Although its precursors NO and NOg may be toxic to plants at high concentrations in the atmosphere (see, for example.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE POTENTIAL IMPORTANCE OF AN INCREASED ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN SUPPLY TO THE GROWTH OF OMBROTROPHIC SPHAGNUM SPECIES

1986

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SUMMARYAtmospheric nitrate deposition varies across Northern Britain, and has increased approximately fourfold since the last century in the Manchester Region. Ombrotrophic mires depend on an atmospheric supply of elements, and some components of nitrogen deposition at two mire sites in northern Britain were investigated. The sites differed in proximity to major pollution sources. Growth of Sphagnum cuspidatum HofTm. in bog pools was less in the polluted site and this was associated with a marked increase in tissue nitrogen concentration. Field experiments in which S. cuspidatum plants from unpolluted sites were exposed solely to atmospheric deposition in artificial bog pools showed that much of this large increase in nitrogen concentration could have resulted from atmospheric deposition alone. Concentrations of nitrate and ammonium within the range observed in bulk deposition at the polluted site reduced the growth of 5. cuspidatum in a laboratory experiment. The results are discussed in relation to a general increase in atmospheric nitrogen deposition, and its potential importance to plant growth.

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“…This improvement has been attributed both to the introduction of the Clean Air Act of 1956and to changes in patterns of economic and social life (e.g. Salmon et al, 1978;Gomez and Smith, 1984). These have combined to produce a reduction of sulphur dioxide, at least in the lower atmosphere, as a consequence of the reduced demand for coal and a greater efficiency in the consumption of other fossil fuels.…”

Section: Visibility In Great Britain In Recent Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The processes responsible for the production of haze aerosols are not well known and are a matter of controversy. Quantitative data of the aerosol content of the atmosphere, particularly over a corresponding period of time, are extremely rare (Salmon et at. 1978).…”

Section: Possible Causes Of the Observed Changes And Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visibility at Oxford, 1926–1985

Gómez

Smith

1987

Weather

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T HIS paper examines the changes which have occurred in the frequency of occasions of 'very good' or 'excellent' visibility (19km or better) at Oxford since 1925. An earlier paper (Gomez and Smith 1984) examined the decline in the frequency of fog at Oxford associated with the implementation of the Clean Air Act of 1956. The present study was undertaken in an effort to determine whether some of the influences discussed in the earlier paper might have affected the number of occasions when visibility is in the higher ranges, and also whether any of the changes have affected one season more than another.The results indicate that long range visibility has deteriorated since about 1952 but that this change is largely a feature of the summer months. They also show that there was a deterioration in long range visibility in the years before and during the Second World War and a very marked improvement immediately after the war; these changes affected all seasons. While a deterioration in summer visibility in southeast England during the last twenty years or so has been noted by others the earlier changes affecting all seasons do not appear to have been discussed previously.

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Retrospective trend analysis of the content of U.K. air particulate material 1957–1974

Cited by 71 publications

References 21 publications

Assessment of Seasonal Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter of a Sub-Urban Indian City

Assessment of Seasonal Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter of a Sub-Urban Indian City

THE POTENTIAL IMPORTANCE OF AN INCREASED ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN SUPPLY TO THE GROWTH OF OMBROTROPHIC SPHAGNUM SPECIES

Visibility at Oxford, 1926–1985

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