RETROSPECTIVE The growth and development of the Annals of Human Biology : a 25-year retrospective

Jm, Tanner

doi:10.1080/030144699282949

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The history of the Human Biology Council/Association (HBC/A) has been tied closely with the three major journals in the field of human biology ( Human Biology , Annals of Human Biology , and American Journal of Human Biology ) and at least one other major society in this science (Society for the Study of Human Biology). The history of the Human Biology Association is reported in Little and James (2005) and is touched on in Tanner (1999) and Crawford (2004) in the context of the journals Annals of Human Biology and Human Biology , respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thrombocytopenia as a surrogate for cirrhosis and a marker for the identification of patients at high‐risk for hepatocellular carcinoma

Wang

Liu

et al. 2006

Cancer

144

129

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BACKGROUND.The objective of this study was to examine the usefulness of platelet counts in the diagnosis of cirrhosis and for identifying high‐risk individuals in a community‐based hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening program.METHODS.Pilot Study 1 determined the correlation between platelet counts and pathologic hepatic fibrosis scores among individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (n = 122 patients) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (n = 244 patients). Pilot Study 2 investigated proportions of individuals with thrombocytopenia (<150 × 103/mm3) among patients with HCC (n = 4042 patients). Pilot Study 3 demonstrated the correlation between platelet counts and ultrasonographic (US) parenchyma scores among anti‐HCV‐positive individuals (n = 75 patients). The core study was a 2‐stage, community‐based screening for HCC among residents age 40 years or older in townships with a high prevalence of anti‐HCV (n = 4616 individuals) and in townships with a low prevalence of anti‐HCV (n = 1694 individuals). Patients with thrombocytopenia were identified for US and α‐fetoprotein screening.RESULTS.Among the individuals who were positive for anti‐HCV, platelet counts decreased according to increased pathologic fibrosis scores or US scores for liver parenchyma disease: The best cutoff platelet count was 150 × 103/mm3 for a diagnosis of cirrhosis. The sensitivity and specificity were 68.2% and 76.4%, respectively, for pathologic cirrhosis and 76.2% and 87.8%, respectively, for US cirrhosis. Forty‐eight percent of patients with HCC were thrombocytopenic. The proportion of thrombocytopenia was significantly greater in patients with HCV‐related HCC (63%) than in patients with HBV‐related HCC (42%). In the townships with high and low anti‐HCV prevalence, the prevalence of thrombocytopenia was 17.9% and 6.1%, respectively, (P < .001), respectively. Twenty‐five patients were diagnosed with HCC, and all of those patients resided in the high‐prevalence township.CONCLUSIONS.Thrombocytopenia was a valid surrogate of cirrhosis and a valid marker for the identification of individuals at high‐risk for HCC, especially in areas that had a high prevalence of HCV. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thrombocytopenia as a surrogate for cirrhosis and a marker for the identification of patients at high‐risk for hepatocellular carcinoma

Wang

Liu

et al. 2006

Cancer

144

129

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“…Weiner's suggestion was endorsed and an organizational meeting was held early the next year at the Child Study Centre of the Institute of Child Health in London. It was attended by the major players in human biology in the U.K., including: Joe Weiner, James Tanner, Derek Roberts, Geoffrey Harrison, Arthur Mourant, Nigel Barnicot, and Kenneth Oakley (Tanner,1999). The inaugural meeting was held on May 7, 1958 at the Natural History Section of the British Museum in London with J.Z.…”

Section: Anthropology and Human Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Joseph S. Weiner and the foundation of post‐WW II human biology in the United Kingdom

Little

Collins

2012

American J Phys Anthropol

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Both the United States and the United Kingdom experienced a transformation in the science of physical anthropology from the period before World War II until the post-war period. In the United States, Sherwood L. Washburn is credited with being a leading figure in this transformation. In the United Kingdom, two individuals were instrumental in bringing about a similar change in the profession. These were Joseph S. Weiner at the University of Oxford and Nigel Barnicot at the University of London, with Weiner playing the principal role as leader in what Washburn called the ''New Physical Anthropology,'' that is, the application of evolutionary theory, the de-emphasis on race classification, and the application of the scientific method and experimental approaches to problem solving. Weiner's contributions to physical anthropology were broad-based-climatic and work physiology, paleoanthropology, and human variation-in what became known as human biology in the U.K. and human adaptability internationally. In the mid to late 1930s, physical anthropology was expanding in the United States. By 1939, Earnest A. Hooton (1887-1954) had trained 13 professional physical anthropologists at Harvard, with eight more to finish during the Second World War (Giles, 1997). Most of these former students of Hooton, and a few others trained elsewhere, were to find employment at colleges, universities, and institutions that were growing after the end of the war. In the United Kingdom, there were limited academic positions in physical anthropology; few students were trained before the war and almost none were trained during the war, a war that began in late 1939, more than two years before the United States entered the conflict. The prominent physical anthropology figures in the U.K. directly before the war were Sir Arthur Keith (1866Keith ( -1955, who had retired from the conservatorship of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1933, Wilfrid E. Le Gros Clark (1895-1971, who assumed the Head of Anatomy at Oxford in 1934, and Leonard H.D. Buxton (1889Buxton ( -1939, who had been a Reader in Physical Anthropology at Oxford (within Anatomy) since 1927. Le Gros Clark's interests were neuroanatomy, primatology, paleoanthropology, and evolution, and Buxton's principal interests were in craniology, archaeology, and ethnology. Buxton died right at the outset of the war in 1939, and the Readership in Physical Anthropology at Oxford was frozen then until after the war.Arthur Keith was the most prominent and influential physical anthropologist in the U.K. in the early years of the 20th century. He was a Scottish anatomist who was best known for his studies of human fossils. As a strong supporter of a European origin for modern humans, he believed that the Piltdown fossil specimens were prime examples of this European origin. He was, however, quite traditional in following his interests in physical anthropology, and as with others in the profession, both in the U.S. and the U.K, his training was based in anatomy and his interests were in skeletal ...

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“…Interestingly, the available longitudinal growth data in the hERKO case and the aromatase deficient patients suggest that a pubertal growth spurt occurred since the documented statures at age 18 matched the predicted height based on parental target range. This was followed during the third decade by tall stature greater than observed in isolated hypogonadism [69,74], eunuchoid body proportions similar to isolated hypogonadism and genu valgum seemingly more severe than reported with hypogonadism [72–74]. Although androgen insensitivity (AI) syndromes argue strongly that estrogen in the absence of a functional androgen receptor (AR) can induce both a growth spurt and epiphyseal maturation [75–77], there is controversy in these rare individuals regarding whether estrogen can fully compensate for the lack of androgen action [75,78].…”

Section: Control Of Longitudinal Growth and Final Staturementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent experimental and clinical findings in the skeleton associated with loss of estrogen hormone or estrogen receptor activity

Smith

Specker

Korach

2010

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Studies on rodent models and rare human disorders of estrogen production or response have revealed an increased complexity of the actions of estrogen on bone. ERα disruption in human males results in delayed epiphyseal maturation, tall stature, trabecular thinning, marked cortical thinning, genu valgum and significantly reduced cortical vBMD, but trabecular number is preserved and there is normal to increased periosteal expansion. Aromatase deficiency results overall in a similar phenotype, although less is known about skeletal architecture. Importantly, estrogen replacement in these individuals, even if provided late in the third decade, may normalize aBMD. Less certain is whether there is complete recovery of normal skeletal architecture and strength. Rodent models, in general, are consistent with the human phenotype but are confounded by inherent differences between mouse and human physiology and issues regarding the completeness of the different knock-out lines. Both human and rodent studies suggest that residual effects of estrogen through ERβ, truncated ERα forms or nonclassical estrogen receptors might account for different phenotypes in the hERKO man, aromatase deficient subjects and rodents. Importantly, androgen, particularly by preserving trabecular number and augmenting both periosteal and epiphyseal growth, also has significant actions on bone.

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RETROSPECTIVE The growth and development of the Annals of Human Biology : a 25-year retrospective

Cited by 11 publications

References 93 publications

Thrombocytopenia as a surrogate for cirrhosis and a marker for the identification of patients at high‐risk for hepatocellular carcinoma

Thrombocytopenia as a surrogate for cirrhosis and a marker for the identification of patients at high‐risk for hepatocellular carcinoma

Joseph S. Weiner and the foundation of post‐WW II human biology in the United Kingdom

Recent experimental and clinical findings in the skeleton associated with loss of estrogen hormone or estrogen receptor activity

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