Retrospective study on Cystic Echinococcosis in cattle of Italy

Poglayen, Giovanni; Varcasia, Antonio; Pipia, Anna Paola; Tamponi, Claudia; Parigi, Maria; Marchesi, Barbara; Morandi, Benedetto; Benfenati, V.; Scala, Antonio

doi:10.3855/jidc.9433

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Molecular results showed the presence of G1, G2 and G3 genotypes. According to other studies [15,34,35,36,37], E. granulosus s.s. is widespread in ruminants worldwide and it must be rigorously controlled due to its recognized infectivity in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Spatial Distribution and Epidemiology of Echinococcus Granulosus Infection in Sheep and Goats Slaughtered in a Hyperendemic European Mediterranean Area

Bosco¹,

Alves²,

Cociancic³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic zoonosis caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, highly widespread in livestock, particularly sheep and goats. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of CE in sheep and goats slaughtered in a hyperendemic Mediterranean area.Methods: A survey was conducted in Basilicata region (southern Italy) from 2014 to 2019. A total of 1454 animals (1265 sheep and 189 goats) from 824 farms were examined for hydatid cysts detection by visual inspection, palpation and incision of target organs. All the CE cysts were counted and classified into five morphostructural types (unilocular, multisepted, calcified, caseous and hyperlaminated). The molecular analysis was performed on 50 cysts. For spatial analysis, kriging interpolation method was used to create risk maps, while the clustering was assessed by Moran’s I test.Results: CE prevalence of 72.2% (595/824) and 58.4% (849/1454) were observed at the farm and animal level, respectively, with higher values in sheep (62.9%) than goats (28.0%). The liver and lungs were the most frequently infected organs both in sheep and goats. Most of recovered cysts belonged to the calcified and multisepted morphotypes. All the isolates were identified as E. granulosus sensu stricto (genotypes G1-G3). Spatial distribution showed a moderate clustering of positive animals.Conclusions: The findings of this study can be used to better understand the eco-epidemiology of echinococcosis and to improve the CE surveillance and prevention programs in regions highly endemic for CE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Spatial Distribution and Epidemiology of Echinococcus Granulosus Infection in Sheep and Goats Slaughtered in a Hyperendemic European Mediterranean Area

Bosco¹,

Alves²,

Cociancic³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Recently, from the Apennine regions of northern Italy, E. granulosus s.s. G1 and G3 were identified in wolf populations ( Canis lupus italicus ) with a prevalence of 5.6% (Gori et al, 2015) and 5.5% (Poglayen et al, 2017) respectively, emphasizing the importance of wild species as possible indicators for CE environmental spreading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystic echinococcosis in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from southern Italy: Epidemiological survey and molecular characterization

Sgroi

Varcasia

Dessì

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is one of the most important parasitic zoonotic diseases in the world and it represents an important public health and socio-economic concern. In the Mediterranean basin, CE is widespread and it is endemic in Italy, with major prevalence in southern areas. Several studies have investigated CE in domestic pigs, however, such data in wild boars are scant. In the last decades the wild boar population in Italy has increased and this ungulate could play an important role in the spreading of CE in the wild. Here we report on the prevalence and fertility rate of hydatid cysts in wild boars that were shot during two hunting seasons (2016–2017) in the Campania region of southern Italy. For each animal, a detailed inspection of the carcass and organs (lungs, liver and spleen) was performed and when cysts were found, their number, morphology and fertility were determined by visual and microscopic examination. Cysts were classified morphologically as fertile, sterile, caseous and calcified. Protoscoleces and germinal layers were collected from individual cysts and DNA was extracted to identify different strains/genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. Out of a total of 2108 wild boars 93 (4.4%) were found positive for CE. Infected animals were 45 males and 48 females, aged between 1 and 8 years. The average number of cysts per wild boar was 1.3 (min 1 - max 13). The total number of cysts collected was 123, of which 118 (95.9%) in the liver, 4 (3.3%) in the lungs and 1 (0.8%) in the spleen. Of all analyzed cysts, 70 (56.9%) were fertile and 53 (43.1%) sterile/acephalous. The presence of fertile cysts in 19.4% of CE-positive animals is noteworthy. Overall, molecular diagnosis showed 19 wild boars infected with the pig strain (G7).

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“…Parameters obtained from official statistics and data mining were calculated using the period 2014–2017. Input parameter Abbreviation in formulas Average value Interval Description of lower and upper values calculation Ratio of difference between upper and lower values compared to the average Source of data Lower Upper CE prevelence in dairy cows CE bprev 0.17% 0.16% 0.19% avg + −2*SE 0,18 [ 13 ] 1 CE prevalence in sheep C Eoprev 6.05% 5.1% 7.0% avg + −2*SE 0,31 This study - data mining N slaughtered dairy cattle N bsl 59,355 54,488 64,222 avg + −2*SD 0,16 National Information System 2 N slaughtered adult sheep N osl 2574 917 4231 avg + −2*SD 1,29 National Information System 2 Price of bovine liver P bl 2.83 €/kg 2.38 €/kg 3.28 €/kg Provided in the source of data 0,32 Commercial Chamber 3 Cost of offal disposal K disp 0.44 €/kg 0.44 €/kg 0.44 €/kg Fixed value 0 [ 19 ] Price of raw milk P milk 40.36 €/hl 34.05 €/hl 46.68 €/hl avg + −2*SD 0,31 Verona market, Veneto 4 ...…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A One-Health evaluation of the burden of cystic echinococcosis and its prevention costs: Case study from a hypo-endemic area in Italy

et al. 2021

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An integrated model, based on a One Health approach, was implemented to estimate the epidemiological and economic outcomes of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Veneto region, an hypo-endemic area of Northern Italy, and the costs for its prevention. Data and information needed to populate the model were retrieved from published literature, official statistics, expert opinions, or actively searched through data mining (i.e., Hospital and slaughterhouse data), when fundamental data were not available. Human-health and animal-health costs, both public and private, were considered. The overall impact of CE in the study area was estimated in an yearly cost of about 0.5 million €, due to an average of 19.5 human hospitalized cases and about 200 infected animals among cattle and sheep, per year. The human:animal costs ratio was about 8:1. Most of the infected animals were autochthonous, while the identification of an autochthonous source of the infection for the human cases was extremely difficult, and unlikely in most cases. No specific action resulted to be in place for human surveillance, while veterinary surveillance accounted for a yearly cost of about 22,000 €. Sheepherders were found to pay privately an overall amount of around 2000 € for the preventive treatment of their dogs every year, but the applied protocol proved to be sub-optimal. The source of most of the human cases was likely external to the study area, and their economic impact accounts for a cost that is far exceeding that of surveillance and preventive actions in place in the veterinary sector. Although autochthonous human cases appeared to be very rare, the strengthening of preventive actions and surveillance systems can reduce the risk of their increment.

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Retrospective study on Cystic Echinococcosis in cattle of Italy

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Spatial Distribution and Epidemiology of Echinococcus Granulosus Infection in Sheep and Goats Slaughtered in a Hyperendemic European Mediterranean Area

Spatial Distribution and Epidemiology of Echinococcus Granulosus Infection in Sheep and Goats Slaughtered in a Hyperendemic European Mediterranean Area

Cystic echinococcosis in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from southern Italy: Epidemiological survey and molecular characterization

A One-Health evaluation of the burden of cystic echinococcosis and its prevention costs: Case study from a hypo-endemic area in Italy

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