Retrospective studies of intestinal yersiniosis in cats in the Chernihiv region

Abstract

The work aims to conduct retrospective studies of intestinal yersiniosis in cats in the Chernihiv region. In order to establish the spread of intestinal yersiniosis among cats in the Chernihiv region, 225 animals were spontaneously selected for the study, which had a history of the various clinical picture, but the vast majority registered diarrhea. The animals were different in age, sex, breed, and outbred. Flushes from the mucous membranes of the mouth and intestines, as well as feces and urine, were examined. To isolate the pathogen of yersiniosis, the selected material (feces) before the study was subjected to “cold enrichment” followed by sowing on a yersiniosis nutrient medium. Incubation was carried out at 26 °C for two days. Studies on identifying the pathogen were performed following the “Determinant of Bergi bacteria.” Verifying intestinal yersiniosis diagnosis was done by detecting yersiniosis antibodies, which are used in RA standard yersiniosis antigens (O:3; O:6.30; O:9). RA production was performed by the macro method by the classical method. In order to determine the pathogenicity of isolates of Y. enterocolitica, white mice were infected according to standard procedures. The antibody titer of 1:200 and higher was considered significant concerning the diagnosis of the disease. Sowing of washes from the intestines of animals was carried out on a yersinic nutrient medium LLC “Pharmactive.” Additional general clinical blood and urine tests were performed on all animals in the cultures isolated from the causative agent of intestinal yersiniosis. In our study for 2019–2021, 87 animals with intestinal yersiniosis from specific territorial centers of the Chernihiv region were identified. The increase in the incidence rate of intestinal yersiniosis in cats in the Chernihiv region may be due to the landscape-climatic features of the region, which are changing the latter. Cats under one year and two to three years of age are more prone to intestinal yersiniosis than animals over nine, with a reasonably low incidence. Females were 2.6 times more likely to develop the disease than males. Most infections were caused in females of Y. enterocolitica by serovar O:3 and accounted for 32.5 %, and in males by serovar O:9 (20 %), or a combination thereof. Serovar O:6.30 caused the disease in only four cases (5 %), three of which were reported in females. However, more positive reactions were detected with O:3 antigens and accounted for 41.25 % of the total number of subjects. Clinical signs of intestinal yersiniosis are depression, anorexia, vomiting, dehydration, hyperthermia, enteritis, diarrhea, tenesmus, rarely otitis, paraproctitis, abdominal wall pain, bronchospasm, and nephritis, nephrosis, endometritis, infertility, lymphadenitis, lymphadenitis.