Retrospective source attribution for source-oriented sampling

Bein, Keith J.; Zhao, Yongjing; Wexler, Anthony S.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.051

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Metals have been implicated in a range of pulmonary health effects in numerous studies (3, 15, 16). This source was observed fairly infrequently and during the early night hours (21:00 – 1:00), and while the particular sources of this enriched metal PM are unclear, they appear to originate from three separate local, residential combustion sources (8, 10). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The inflammatory patterns observed in response to regional background PM was similar to the pattern observed with vehicular emissions; the UF fraction was the most potent in summer and the SMF fraction was the most potent in winter. Regional background PM arises from a mixture of primary emissions from vehicular and agricultural sources that have been highly processed in the atmosphere to form secondary emissions, such as ammonium nitrate and secondary organic aerosol that are transported throughout the region (10). A key aspect of this research was capturing atmospheric processing, which cannot be reproduced in the laboratory and is neglected in direct emissions testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomass combustion emissions related to residential heating were highly inflammatory, inducing a significant neutrophil and eosinophil influx to the lung. Biomass combustion emissions are derived from the use of woodstoves and fireplaces for residential heating during colder winter months, with emissions beginning around 19:00 and decreasing towards the early morning hours (10). Wood smoke emissions contain significant amounts of organic carbon and secondary components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These emissions were rich in soot and potassium, low in organic species, and did not contain any secondary components, indicating that the particles came from a local primarily summertime source (10). The high potency associated with residential cooking emissions compared to commercial cooking emissions may be related to the heat source – residential cooks typically use solid fuels while commercial cooks typically use natural gas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed, retrospective source attribution analyses of the source-oriented sampling experiments are presented elsewhere (10). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulmonary inflammatory effects of source-oriented particulate matter from California's San Joaquin Valley

Plummer

Carosino

Bein

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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The EPA regulates ambient particulate matter (PM) because substantial associations have been established between PM and health impacts. Presently, regulatory compliance involves broad control of PM emission sources based on mass concentration rather than chemical composition, although PM toxicity is likely to vary depending upon PM physicochemical properties. The overall objective of this study was to help inform source-specific PM emission control regulations. For the first time, source-oriented PM was collected from the atmosphere in Fresno, CA, onto 38 source/size substrates. Mice were exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration to equivalent mass doses [50 μg] of two size fractions: ultrafine (Dp < 0.17μm) and submicron fine (0.17 < Dp < 1 μm) during summer and winter seasons. At 24 hours post-exposure, cellular and biochemical indicators of pulmonary inflammation were evaluated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Significant inflammatory responses were elicited by vehicle, regional background, and cooking PM sources that were dependent on season and particle size. This is the first study of source-oriented toxicity of atmospheric PM and supports source-specific emissions control strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed, retrospective source attribution analyses of the source-oriented sampling experiments are presented elsewhere (10). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulmonary inflammatory effects of source-oriented particulate matter from California's San Joaquin Valley

Plummer

Carosino

Bein

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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Using Kriging incorporated with wind direction to investigate ground-level PM2.5 concentration

Zhang

Zhan

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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Oxidant production from source-oriented particulate matter – Part 1: Oxidative potential using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Recent epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis that health effects from inhalation of ambient particulate matter (PM) are governed by more than just the mass of PM inhaled. Both specific chemical components and sources have been identified as important contributors to mortality and hospital admissions, even when these end points are unrelated to PM mass. Sources may cause adverse health effects via their ability to produce reactive oxygen species in the body, possibly due to the transition metal content of the PM. Our goal is to quantify the oxidative potential of ambient particle sources collected during two seasons in Fresno, CA, using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. We collected PM from different sources or source combinations into different ChemVol (CV) samplers in real time using a novel source-oriented sampling technique based on single-particle mass spectrometry. We segregated the particles from each source-oriented mixture into two size fractions – ultrafine Dp ≤ 0.17 μm) and submicron fine (0.17 μm ≤ Dp ≤ 1.0 μm) – and measured metals and the rate of DTT loss in each PM extract. We find that the mass-normalized oxidative potential of different sources varies by up to a factor of 8 and that submicron fine PM typically has a larger mass-normalized oxidative potential than ultrafine PM from the same source. Vehicular emissions, regional source mix, commute hours, daytime mixed layer, and nighttime inversion sources exhibit the highest mass-normalized oxidative potential. When we apportion DTT activity for total PM sampled to specific chemical compounds, soluble copper accounts for roughly 50% of total air-volume-normalized oxidative potential, soluble manganese accounts for 20%, and other unknown species, likely including quinones and other organics, account for 30%. During nighttime, soluble copper and manganese largely explain the oxidative potential of PM, while daytime has a larger contribution from unknown (likely organic) species.

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Retrospective source attribution for source-oriented sampling

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Pulmonary inflammatory effects of source-oriented particulate matter from California's San Joaquin Valley

Pulmonary inflammatory effects of source-oriented particulate matter from California's San Joaquin Valley

Using Kriging incorporated with wind direction to investigate ground-level PM2.5 concentration

Oxidant production from source-oriented particulate matter – Part 1: Oxidative potential using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay

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