Retrospective review of leptospirosis in Guadeloupe, French West Indies 1994-2001

Herrmann-Storck, Cécile; Brioudes, Aurélie; Quirin, René; Deloumeaux, Jacqueline; Lamaury, I.; Nicolas, Muriel; Postic, D Srdjan; Pérez, Jose Díaz

doi:10.1590/s0043-31442005000100009

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with previous reports of an increase in MAT sensitivity associated with the use of local isolates [2], [19], [20]. The MAT is subject to a certain degree of serovar specificity and antigens vary considerably between regions [1], [2], [9]–[11], [20], [22], [23]. All 10 isolates were identified as L. interrogans , serogroup Canicola, serovar Kuwait.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Remarkably, Rattus sp. were found to be probable maintenance hosts for strains of serogroup Canicola, rather than those of serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Ballum, which are more commonly associated with these reservoirs elsewhere [1], [2], [4], [23], [29]. This feature may be a key element specific to the epidemiology of leptospirosis in Madagascar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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First Isolation and Direct Evidence for the Existence of Large Small-Mammal Reservoirs of Leptospira sp. in Madagascar

Rahelinirina

Léon²,

Harstskeerl³

et al. 2010

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundLeptospirosis has long been a major public health concern in the southwestern Indian Ocean. However, in Madagascar, only a few, old studies have provided indirect serological evidence of the disease in humans or animals.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe conducted a large animal study focusing on small-mammal populations. Five field trapping surveys were carried out at five sites, from April 2008 to August 2009. Captures consisted of Rattus norvegicus (35.8%), R. rattus (35.1%), Mus musculus (20.5%) and Suncus murinus (8.6%). We used microbiological culture, serodiagnosis tests (MAT) and real-time PCR to assess Leptospira infection. Leptospira carriage was detected by PCR in 91 (33.9%) of the 268 small mammals, by MAT in 17 of the 151 (11.3%) animals for which serum samples were available and by culture in 9 of the 268 animals (3.3%). Rates of infection based on positive PCR results were significantly higher in Moramanga (54%), Toliara (48%) and Mahajanga (47.4%) than in Antsiranana (8.5%) and Toamasina (14%) (p = 0.001). The prevalence of Leptospira carriage was significantly higher in R. norvegicus (48.9%), S. murinus (43.5%) and R. rattus (30.8%) than in M. musculus (9.1%) (p<0.001). The MAT detected antibodies against the serogroups Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae. Isolates were characterized by serology, secY sequence-based phylogeny, partial sequencing of rrs, multi-locus VNTR analysis and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The 10 isolates obtained from nine rats were all identified as species L. interrogans serogroup Canicola serovar Kuwait and all had identical partial rrs and secY sequences.Conclusions/SignificanceWe present here the first direct evidence of widespread leptospiral carriage in small mammals in Madagascar. Our results strongly suggest a high level of environmental contamination, consistent with probable transmission of the infection to humans. This first isolation of pathogenic Leptospira strains in this country may significantly improve the detection of specific antibodies in human cases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

First Isolation and Direct Evidence for the Existence of Large Small-Mammal Reservoirs of Leptospira sp. in Madagascar

Rahelinirina

Léon²,

Harstskeerl³

et al. 2010

PLoS ONE

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“…shed in the urine of the animals. It has been documented that for humans, contact with swine and bovine were associated with infection (Herrmann-Storck et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis in livestock in Trinidad

Suepaul

Carrington

Campbell

et al. 2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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A study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis and infecting serovars across livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs) in Trinidad using the microscopic agglutination test with an international panel of 23 serovars. Of a total of 590 cattle tested, 21.5% were seropositive with agglutinations to 13 of the 23 antigens used in the panel. Icterohaemorrhagiae (9.3%), Sejroe (4.1%), Ballum (4.1%), and Autumnalis (1.9%) were the predominant serogroups detected in the cattle sampled (n = 590). Of 222 sheep tested, 5.0% were seropositive with agglutinations to five serovars belonging to two serogroups. These serogroups were Autumnalis at 2.7%, and Icterohaemorrhagiae at 2.3% of all sheep tested (n = 222). Of a total of 180 goats tested, 3.3% were seropositive, all agglutinating to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup, 1.7% to serovar Copenhageni, 1.1% to serovar Mankarso, and 0.6% to serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae. Among pigs (n = 200), 5.0% were seropositive for five serovars belonging to three serogroups. These serogroups were Icterohaemorrhagiae at 2.5%, Australis at 2%, and Ballum at 0.5%. Overall, age and sex of animals were not significantly associated with leptospirosis with the exception of cattle where age was a significant factor for seropositivity. It was concluded that for livestock, leptospirosis may be an important zoonotic and economic disease, particularly in the case of cattle. It is imperative that the impact of leptospirosis on abortion, stillbirths, and decreased milk production in livestock in the country be assessed.

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“…In 2002, El Niño phenomenon occurred twice more intensely in this area (36). The El Niño is a cyclic break in atmospheric/oceanic system in tropical Pacific area that increases rainfall and its effects can last more than 18 months (45). Besides the main risk factors related to males, occupational exposition and contact with bovine and swine populations, there is also the risk associated with rodents.…”

Section: Environmental Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between environment, wild animals and human leptospirosis

Ullmann¹,

Langoni²

2011

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Leptospirosis, a worldwide distributed zoononis caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira (antigenically classified into serovars), may be direct or indirectly transmitted through infected urine or environment. Several domestic and wild animals are leptospirosis reservoirs. The disease presents occupational character since it is widely reported in professionals that work in humid environments -such as sewage workers and fishermen -and in places where rodents or susceptible animals are found, like slaughterhouses and veterinary clinics. In developing countries, outbreaks are related to lack of sanitation, overcrowding in inadequate housing and climatic conditions. In developed countries, sporadic cases occur in aquatic recreational activities including swimming and triathlon. The diagnosis of leptospirosis is complex due to the variety of symptoms, disease severity and the lack of techniques that are able to early detect the infection. Thus, leptospirosis causes numerous public health problems and educational activities are very important to its control.

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Retrospective review of leptospirosis in Guadeloupe, French West Indies 1994-2001

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

First Isolation and Direct Evidence for the Existence of Large Small-Mammal Reservoirs of Leptospira sp. in Madagascar

First Isolation and Direct Evidence for the Existence of Large Small-Mammal Reservoirs of Leptospira sp. in Madagascar

Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis in livestock in Trinidad

Interactions between environment, wild animals and human leptospirosis

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