Retrospective review and current knowledge on the occurrence of West Nile virus in mosquito vectors, reservoirs and hosts in Slovakia (Central Europe)

Korytár, Ľuboš; Peňazziová, Katarína; Pistl, J.; Tichá, Elena; Čabanová, Viktória; Csank, Tomáš

doi:10.4149/av_2020_209

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…This is the first scientific report showing the potential of the burrows of medium-sized carnivores to serve as wintering places for this particular mosquito species. This finding also suggests a role played by the burrows in the ecology of Culex-transmitted arboviruses (Brugman et al, 2018;Korytár et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Where to overwinter: burrows of medium‐sized carnivores as winter places for invertebrates in temperate environment

Myczko

Kurek

Tryjanowski

et al. 2021

Ecological Entomology

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1. Burrows are specific structures created by animals, characterised by specific conditions different from those in the surrounding environment. Therefore, burrows may play a role for many other animals than their owners. To test this view, we have chosen the burrows of red foxes Vulpes vulpes and badgers Meles meles, two main burrow dwellers from among medium-sized carnivores in Europe.2. The main aim of the study was to show the importance of carnivore mammals' burrows for invertebrates. However, in contrast to previously published results concerning invertebrate burrow fauna, which were based mainly on analysis of nesting material, we used a new method based on pipe traps with optimised sampling time.3. The investigated burrows were either visited only occasionally or abandoned. We chose typical, commonly accessible burrows from the environment, located in forest patches around the city of Poznań in western Poland.4. During the research, we sampled 4440 invertebrate individuals. In total, we identified at least 91 species. The most numerous were mosquitoes, which, however, were represented only by one species, Culex pipiens. Among other groups, we recorded Coleoptera, Diptera, Arachnida, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera. In total it confirms that burrows are important wintering place for many invertebrates.5. The novelty of the study is underlining the fact that burrows created by medium-sized carnivores are commonly used as invertebrate overwintering shelters especially by mosquitoes. Number of mosquitoes varied between burrows in high range and is a significant predictor of the other species abundance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Where to overwinter: burrows of medium‐sized carnivores as winter places for invertebrates in temperate environment

Myczko

Kurek

Tryjanowski

et al. 2021

Ecological Entomology

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“…We found out that MIR of WNV in mosquitoes caught in Lučenec surrounding ( Figure 1 ) was three-fold higher than MIR in mosquitoes collected in the Bratislava region, where two symptomatic WNV cases were diagnosed previously [ 21 , 23 ]. Furthermore, WNV has been diagnosed in a bird’s carcass in the neighboring district of Lučenec, Rimavská Sobota and TBEV antibodies were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) in sheep and goats in the farm Hradište ( Figure 1 ) [ 22 , 28 ]. For this reason, it is highly probable the WNV and USUV cases might be overlooked and/or misdiagnosed as TBEV infections.…”

Section: Overlapping Area Of Co-circulating Wnv Usuv and Tbevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Circulation of West Nile, Usutu, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Viruses in the Same Area: A Great Challenge for Diagnostic and Blood and Organ Safety

Čabanová

Kerlik

Kirschner³

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Viral infections caused by viruses from the family Flaviviridae such as Zika (ZIKV), Dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), West Nile (WNV), and Usutu (USUV) are some of the most challenging diseases for recognition in clinical diagnostics and epidemiological tracking thanks to their short viremia, non-specific symptoms, and high cross-reactivity observed in laboratory techniques. In Central Europe, the most relevant endemic flaviviruses are mosquito-borne WNV and USUV, and tick-borne TBEV. All three viruses have been recognised to be responsible for human neuroinvasive diseases. Moreover, they are interrupting the blood and transplantation safety processes, when the great efforts made to save a patient’s life could be defeated by acquired infection from donors. Due to the trend of changing distribution and abundance of flaviviruses and their vectors influenced by global change, the co-circulation of WNV, USUV, and TBEV can be observed in the same area. In this perspective, we discuss the problems of flavivirus diagnostics and epidemiology monitoring in Slovakia as a model area of Central Europe, where co-circulation of WNV, USUV, and TBEV in the same zone has been recently detected. This new situation presents multiple challenges not only for diagnostics or surveillance but particularly also for blood and organ safety. We conclude that the current routinely used laboratory diagnostics and donor screening applied by the European Union (EU) regulations are out of date and the novel methods which have become available in recent years, e.g., next-gene sequencing or urine screening should be implemented immediately.

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“…In Slovakia, WNV was first isolated from Aedes cantans mosquitoes between the years 1960 and 1972 [7]. After that, serological studies showed WNV circulation in horse and bird populations [8][9][10][11]. The phylogenetic analysis of whole-genome strains isolated from the brain of dead raptors showed relatedness to WNV lineage 2 [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BLAST analysis of a partial NS5 gene showed almost 100% identity with strains from Germany, Italy, and Austria [13]. The first confirmed autochthonous case of West Nile fever was diagnosed in the late summer of 2019, in a man infected by mosquitoes in the area of western Slovakia [11,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization of a Neurovirulent West Nile Virus Variant Associated with a Fatal Great Grey Owl Infection

Peňazziová

Korytár

Pastorek³

et al. 2021

Viruses

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This study reports on a fatal case of a captive great grey owl infected with the West Nile virus (WNV) in the zoological garden Košice, eastern Slovakia (Central Europe). The tissue samples of the dead owl were used for virus isolation and genetic characterization. The novel isolate is genetically closer to Hungarian, Greek, and Bulgarian strains from the central/southern European clade of lineage 2 than to the strains previously isolated in Slovakia. Interestingly, it carries NS3-249P, a molecular virulence determinant associated with higher neurovirulence, which has not previously been observed in Slovakia. Subsequent serological investigation of the captive owls revealed additional seropositive animals, indicating local WNV transmission. Although no WNV-positive mosquitoes were found, the presence of the WNV principal vector Culex pipiens complex together with the described fatal case and further serological findings indicate an endemic focus of bird-neurovirulent WNV variant in the area.

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Retrospective review and current knowledge on the occurrence of West Nile virus in mosquito vectors, reservoirs and hosts in Slovakia (Central Europe)

Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus (the genus Flavivirus, the family Flaviviridae). It belongs

Cited by 6 publications

References 66 publications

Where to overwinter: burrows of medium‐sized carnivores as winter places for invertebrates in temperate environment

Where to overwinter: burrows of medium‐sized carnivores as winter places for invertebrates in temperate environment

Co-Circulation of West Nile, Usutu, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Viruses in the Same Area: A Great Challenge for Diagnostic and Blood and Organ Safety

Genetic Characterization of a Neurovirulent West Nile Virus Variant Associated with a Fatal Great Grey Owl Infection

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