Retrospective evaluation of the incidence and prognostic significance of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in relation to cardiac disease and congestive heart failure in cats: 725 cases (2006–2011)

Peck, Courtney M.; Nielsen, Lindsey K.; Quinn, Rebecca; Laste, Nancy J.; Price, Lori Lyn

doi:10.1111/vec.12509

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Several studies were overall classified as neutral to the PECO question (1 LOE 2, Good; 3 LOE 4, Fair; 1 LOE 4, Good) but do provide potential intermediary links between feline cardiac disease and ATE. Specifically, these studies suggest that feline cardiac disease accompanied by spontaneous echocontrast, LA dilation, reduced LA function, and low flow velocities may portend ATE or death …”

Section: Peco Question: Cardiac Disease In Catsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE): Domain 1—Defining populations at risk

deLaforcade

Bacek

Blais

et al. 2019

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objectives:Thrombosis is a well-recognized phenomenon in dogs and cats with a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Despite growing awareness of thrombosis and increased use of antithrombotic therapy, there is little information in the veterinary literature to guide the use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications. The goal of Domain 1 was to explore the association between disease and thrombosis in a number of conditions identified as potential risk factors in the current veterinary literature, to provide the basis for prescribing recommendations.Design: A population exposure comparison outcome format was used to represent patient, exposure, comparison, and outcome. Population Exposure Comparison Outcome questions were distributed to worksheet authors who performed comprehensive searches, summarized the evidence, and created guideline recommendations that were reviewed by domain chairs. Revised guidelines then underwent the Delphi survey process to reach consensus on the final guidelines.Diseases evaluated included immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, protein-losing nephropathy, pancreatitis, glucocorticoid therapy, hyperadrenocorticism, neoplasia, sepsis, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiac disease.Settings: Academic and referral veterinary medical centers.

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Section: Peco Question: Cardiac Disease In Catsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE): Domain 1—Defining populations at risk

deLaforcade

Bacek

Blais

et al. 2019

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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“…The cumulative risk of ATE at 1, 5, and 10 years was 3.5%, 9.5%, and 11.3%, respectively, in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy compared to 0.0%, 0.4%, and 0.7%, respectively, in apparently healthy cats (LOE 2, Good) . Five other studies (LOE 2–4, Good‐Fair) suggest that feline cardiac disease accompanied by spontaneous echocontrast, LA dilation, reduced LA function, and low flow velocities may portend ATE or death …”

Section: Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC) Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) guidelines: Small animal

Goggs

Blais

Brainard

et al. 2019

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objectives: To systematically review available evidence and establish guidelines related to the risk of developing thrombosis and the management of small animals with antithrombotics. Design: Standardized, systematic evaluation of the literature (identified by searching Medline via PubMed and CAB abstracts) was carried out in 5 domains (Defining populations at risk; Defining rational therapeutic use; Defining evidence-based protocols; Refining and monitoring antithrombotic therapies; and Discontinuing antithrombotic therapies). Evidence evaluation was carried out using Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome generated within each domain questions to address specific aims. This was followed by categorization of relevant articles according to level of evidence and quality (Good, Fair, or Poor). Synthesis of these data led to the development of a series of statements. Consensus on the final guidelines was achieved via Delphi-style surveys.Draft recommendations were presented at 2 international veterinary conferences and made available for community assessment, review, and comment prior to final revisions and publication. Settings: Academic and referral veterinary medical centers.Results: Over 500 studies were reviewed in detail. Worksheets from all 5 domains generated 59 statements with 83 guideline recommendations that were refined during 3 rounds of Delphi surveys. A high degree of consensus was reached across all guideline recommendations. Conclusions:Overall, systematic evidence evaluations yielded more than 80 recommendations for the treatment of small animals with or at risk of developing thrombosis. Numerous significant knowledge gaps were highlighted by the evidence reviews undertaken, indicating the need for substantial additional research in this field. K E Y W O R D S ) for their dedicated contributions to this effort. We would also like to thank the members of the veterinary community who attended and contributed to the discussion of the guidelines during the 2018 EVECC Congress and IVECCS sessions and subsequently during the online open-comment stages. CONFLICT OF INTERESTThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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“…Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast has been reported in a number of species including dogs, cats, and humans (12)(13)(14)(15). It is typically diagnosed with TTE or transesophageal echocardiography, and it is described as a swirling signal of increased echogenicity within cardiac chambers or vessels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is distinguished from excessive gain-induced white noise artifact due to its dynamic nature (12,13). Multiple factors may lead to the aggregation of red blood cells and fibrinogen that result in SEC formation including blood stasis, hypercoagulability, and local endothelial injury (13)(14)(15). Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast is often associated with cardiac disease (12,13,15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast After Transarterial Occlusion of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus in an Adult Dog With Concurrent Pulmonary Hypertension

2020

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An 8-year-old intact female Chihuahua was presented for evaluation and possible occlusion of a previously diagnosed patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Transthoracic echocardiography revealed left ventricular and left atrial enlargement, enlargement of the main pulmonary artery, and a PDA with bidirectional shunting. Tricuspid regurgitant velocities suggested moderate pulmonary hypertension. The PDA was occluded with an Amplatz ® Canine Duct Occluder using a transarterial approach on the following day. No immediate complications were observed other than an acute decrease in left ventricular systolic function. One day after the PDA occlusion transthoracic echocardiography revealed no residual ductal flow, but there was spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in the left ventricle. The patient was discharged with sildenafil, pimobendan, and clopidogrel. Five weeks later when the patient was presented for a recheck examination, the previously documented spontaneous echocardiographic contrast was no longer present. Finding spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in the dog has not previously been reported in association with PDA occlusion.

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Retrospective evaluation of the incidence and prognostic significance of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in relation to cardiac disease and congestive heart failure in cats: 725 cases (2006–2011)

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE): Domain 1—Defining populations at risk

Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE): Domain 1—Defining populations at risk

American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC) Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) guidelines: Small animal

Development of Spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast After Transarterial Occlusion of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus in an Adult Dog With Concurrent Pulmonary Hypertension

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