Retrospective evaluation of appliance price trends

Dale, Larry; Antinori, Camille; McNeil, Michael A.; McMahon, James E.; Fujita, K. Sydny

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.09.087

Cited by 35 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…They concluded that the higher efficiency of new models did not lead to an increase in 'quality-adjusted' prices, which had indeed continued to decrease in line with historical trends. Dale et al [65] identified similar results over a range of products, attributing the improvements in price to factors including product innovation, reduced markups, and economies of scale in the production of higher-efficiency units. In the UK, introduction of performance standards (again of refrigerator/freezers) in 1999 occurred at the same time as a significant drop in product prices, attributed in part to increased competition among wholesalers [60].…”

Section: Incentives -Fiscal and Subsidy Instrumentssupporting

confidence: 49%

Sustainability at home: Policy measures for energy-efficient appliances

Kelly

2012

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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Residential energy consumption is now an important component of total energy consumption and its related emissions. In addition,this consumption has significant potential for growth in both developed and developing countries, as average incomes increase, and domestic appliance numbers rise. Reduction in this energy use may be achieved both through conservation measures, and through increased efficiency in its use. This paper focuses on energy efficiency in appliances-those many devices through which household energy is consumed. The policy instruments available to promote the uptake of more efficient devices, and issues associated with their use, are reviewed, drawing on developed country experiences to date. The instruments available are more limited than in other energy applications, and largely comprise information dissemination, forms of subsidy, and regulation. The last is commonly used in the form of minimum energy performance standards. Assessment of the three instrument types and issues with their use suggests that regulation is the most important measure-albeit with several qualifications on the manner of its use. AbstractResidential energy consumption is now an important component of total energy consumption and its related emissions. In addition, this consumption has significant potential for growth in both developed and developing countries, as average incomes increase, and domestic appliance numbers rise. Reduction in this energy use may be achieved both through conservation measures, and through increased efficiency in its use. This paper focuses on energy efficiency in appliances -those many devices through which household energy is consumed. The policy instruments available to promote the uptake of more efficient devices, and issues associated with their use, are reviewed, drawing on developed country experiences to date. The instruments available are more limited than in other energy applications, and largely comprise information dissemination, forms of subsidy, and regulation. The last is commonly used in the form of Minimum Energy Performance Standards. Assessment of the three instrument types and issues with their use suggests that regulation is the most important measure -albeit with several qualifications on the manner of its use.

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Section: Incentives -Fiscal and Subsidy Instrumentssupporting

confidence: 49%

Sustainability at home: Policy measures for energy-efficient appliances

Kelly

2012

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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“…Appliance ownership in the US was studied by Dale et al (2009). They found that the demand for appliances had increased because the real prices of the appliances included in their study (room and central air conditioners, refrigerators and clothes washers) had decreased over time.…”

Section: Energy Use and Appliance Ownership In Ireland 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy use and appliance ownership in Ireland

2010

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This paper examines domestic energy use and appliance ownership in Ireland. Regression analyses on a large micro-dataset reveal how household characteristics can help explain the ownership of energy using appliances. The location of the household, the number of rooms and household income are important factors, as are certain characteristics of the highest earner in the household such as education level and age. We also find evidence that household income, number of persons, accommodation characteristics, region, and age of the highest earner can help explain domestic electricity use, even after taking account of the household's endowment of appliances. The level of demand for domestic heating is also associated with housing tenure and the employment status of the highest earner.Corresponding Author: Sean.Lyons@esri.ie

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“…Central air conditioners are generally contractor purchased and installed appliances, and are rarely purchased by consumers directly through retail, leading to a potential discrepancy between catalogue prices and prices actually paid by the contractor. This may explain some of the discrepancy between Dale et al (2009) and the PPI series. Table 5 lists the Pearson correlation coefficients for refrigerators & freezers and clothes washers, the only two appliance categories with sufficient overlapping years to calculate a correlation coefficient.…”

Section: Comparison Of Ppi To Market Data and Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 11 compares data from Dale et al (2009), originally obtained from catalogues and Consumer Reports. Dale et al restricted the price data to specific capacities and types of appliances (e.g., an 18 ft 3 top-mount refrigerator), so these data are partially quality-adjusted.…”

Section: Comparison Of Ppi To Market Data and Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dale et al (2009) have noted that U.S. appliance efficiency regulation does not address trends in real market prices and energy efficiency improvements. They studied historical price trends of room air conditioners (AC), central AC, refrigerators, and clothes washers, and had four major findings: (1) for the past several decades, the retail price of appliances has been steadily falling while efficiency has been increasing; (2) past retail price predictions made in the analyses of efficiency standards, assuming constant prices over time, have tended to overestimate retail prices; (3) the average incremental price to increase appliance efficiency has declined over time, and the analyses of efficiency standards have typically overestimated this incremental price and retail prices; and (4) changes in retail markups and economies of scale in production of more efficient appliances may have contributed to declines in prices of efficient appliances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incorporating experience curves in appliance standards analysis

et al. 2013

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There exists considerable evidence that manufacturing costs and consumer prices of residential appliances have decreased in real terms over the last several decades. This phenomenon is generally attributable to manufacturing efficiency gained with cumulative experience producing a certain good, and is modeled by an empirical experience curve. The technical analyses conducted in support of U.S. energy conservation standards for residential appliances and commercial equipment have, until recently, assumed that manufacturing costs and retail prices remain constant during the projected 30-year analysis period. This assumption does not reflect real market price dynamics. Using price data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we present U.S. experience curves for room air conditioners, clothes dryers, central air conditioners, furnaces, and refrigerators and freezers. These experience curves were incorporated into recent energy conservation standards analyses for these products. Including experience curves increases the national consumer net present value of potential standard levels. In some cases a potential standard level exhibits a net benefit when considering experience, whereas without experience it exhibits a net cost. These results imply that past energy conservation standards analyses without experience curves may have undervalued the economic benefits of potential standard levels, possibly resulting in less stringent standards and reduced energy savings than was economically justified.

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Retrospective evaluation of appliance price trends

Cited by 35 publications

References 7 publications

Sustainability at home: Policy measures for energy-efficient appliances

Sustainability at home: Policy measures for energy-efficient appliances

Energy use and appliance ownership in Ireland

Incorporating experience curves in appliance standards analysis

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