“…The characteristics of study population were heterogeneous among studies. According to the clinical presentations, etiology of liver diseases, patients’ conditions, and treatment options, they were mainly classified as follows: patients presenting with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 12), 14 , 15 , 26 , 45 , 57 , 69 , 81 , 84 , 89 , 94 , 109 , 117 patients presenting with ascites (n = 2), 65 , 96 patients presenting with HE (n = 1), 10 patients presenting with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) (n = 5), 40 , 58 , 86 , 119 , 128 patients presenting with infection, sepsis, or spontaneous bacterial empyema (n = 5), 30 , 62 , 72 , 73 , 116 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 10), 34 , 37 , 42 , 71 , 78 , 80 , 107 , 108 , 110 , 112 patients with trauma (n = 2), 35 , 93 patients with viral hepatitis-related liver cirrhosis alone (n = 3), 27 , 56 , 79 patients with alcohol-related liver cirrhosis alone (n = 5), 19 , 61 , 70 , 75 , 120 patients undergoing TIPS (n = 8), 11 , 31 , 44 , 91 , 92 , 101 , 113 , 123 patients undergoing LT (n = 10), 23 , 38 , 41 , 48 ...…”