“…This has resulted in higher education institutions offering courses to enhance students' creativity and researchers focusing on applying creativity methods to encourage students to generate novel and useful ideas, increase learning outcomes, and enhance creativity (Jahnke, Haertel and Wildt, 2017;Al-Samarraie and Hurmuzan, 2018;Jahnke and Liebscher, 2020;Matraeva et al, 2020). For example, brainstorming is one of the most popular creativity methods, and many researchers investigated brainstorming in higher education (Albers et al, 2014;Al-Samarraie and Hurmuzan, 2018;Sosa, 2020bSosa, , 2020a. Al-Samarraie and Hurmuzan reviewed 1677 papers based on the adoption of brainstorming in higher education and proposed the challenges and solutions of various disciplines (Al-Samarraie and Hurmuzan, 2018).…”