Retrospective Analysis of Etiology, Incidence and Management of Facial Trauma Over 5 Years in North India: A Clinical Audit

Abstract

Aim: To analyze etiology, incidence and management of facial trauma over a period of 5 years in a tertiary care center in North India. Materials and methods:Records of 195 patients with 274 facial fractures were analyzed retrospectively from 2009 to 2013. Fractures were classified according to anatomical area involved (zygoma, maxilla, mandible, teeth), and etiology was divided into road traffic accidents (RTAs), falls, sports injuries and assaults. It was found that RTA was most common etiologic factor for facial trauma, followed by falls, assaults and sports injuries. Mandibular fractures were most common, followed by midface fractures and dental injuries. Various treatment options were also evaluated.Results: Mandibular fractures were more common than midface fractures. Most common line of treatment was open reduction and internal fixation with mini-plate fixation. Mandible reconstruction was done in one case of bone defect following a gun-shot injury. Coronoidectomy had to be performed in one case of zygoma fracture. Conclusion:Patient's best interest, affordability and general well being should be kept in mind while managing trauma of maxillofacial region. Surgeon should utilize his knowledge to the best possible level as any injury to this region has a direct impact on psyche as well as general well being of patient.