Retroperitoneal Fibrosis and its Differential Diagnoses: The Role of Radiological Imaging

Abstract

Background Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare disease with an incidence of 0–1/100 000 inhabitants per year and is associated with chronic inflammatory fibrosis of the retroperitoneum and the abdominal aorta. This article sheds light on the role of radiological imaging in retroperitoneal fibrosis, names various differential diagnoses and provides an overview of drug and surgical treatment options. Methods A literature search for the keywords “retroperitoneal fibrosis” and “Ormond’s disease” was carried out in the PubMed database between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2019 (n = 1806). Mainly original papers were selected, but also reviews, in English and German language, with a focus on publications in the last 10 years, without excluding older publications that the authors believe are relevant to the topic discussed in the review (n = 40). Results and Conclusion Ormond’s disease is a rare but important differential diagnosis for nonspecific back and flank pain. Imaging diagnostics using CT or MRI show a retroperitoneal mass, which must be differentiated from lymphoma, sarcoma, multiple myeloma and Erdheim-Chester disease. Patients have an excellent prognosis under adequate therapy. FDG-PET/CT or FDG-PET/MRT should be considered as potential modalities, as hybrid imaging can evaluate both the morphological changes and the inflammation. Key Points: Citation Format

Retroperitoneal fibrosis masquerading as pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction – Laparoscopic management

“…It has an incidence of 0–1/100,000 per year. It has a male to female preponderance of 2:1–3:1, with a mean age of onset being 55–60 years [1] , [2] . Retroperitoneal fibrosis is divided into two types – idiopathic/primary and secondary.…”

“…Idiopathic/Primary RPF is diagnosed after ruling out causes of secondary RPF such as exposure to certain culprit drugs, trauma, cancer, infection and exposure to radiation. Idiopathic RPF is considered to be of two types – immunoglobulin G 4 (IgG4) related (60% of the patients) and non IgG4 related (the remaining 40% patients) [1] , [2] , [3] .…”

The value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in Diagnosis and Evaluation of Response to Treatment in Retroperitoneal Fibrosis

“…Idiopathic RF is a rare disease also known as Ormond's disease [1,2]. RF causes inflammation and fibrosis by surround-ing retroperitoneal organs such as the abdominal aorta, vena cava, and ureters [1][2][3][4][5].…”

“…RF causes inflammation and fibrosis by surround-ing retroperitoneal organs such as the abdominal aorta, vena cava, and ureters [1][2][3][4][5]. Although it is generally seen as idiopathic, it can also develop secondary to malignant diseases, infections, radiotherapy, after major surgical procedures, trauma, asbestos exposure, and after the use of some drugs [1,2,4,5]. Some cases of RF can be associated with Immunoglobulin G4-related disease [1,2,5].…”

“…Although it is generally seen as idiopathic, it can also develop secondary to malignant diseases, infections, radiotherapy, after major surgical procedures, trauma, asbestos exposure, and after the use of some drugs [1,2,4,5]. Some cases of RF can be associated with Immunoglobulin G4-related disease [1,2,5]. In this case, we investigated the usefulness of (18) F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of RF and the evaluation of response to treatment.…”