Retrograde degeneration of the thalamus following prefrontal lobotomy

Freeman, Walter; Watts, James W.

doi:10.1002/cne.900860104

Cited by 130 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These are the likely nuclei of origin of the medial pathway. This is consistent with the neuropathological findings after leucotomy in which axonal tracts are interrupted en masse and result in retrograde degeneration, which involves primarily the dorsomedial and anterior nuclei of thalamus [22][23][24] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Tract Identification by Novel MRI Signal Changes following Stereotactic Anterior Capsulotomy

Hurwitz¹,

Mandat

Forster³

et al. 2006

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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Background: Five patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following MRI-guided stereotactic bilateral anterior capsulotomy to detect lesion-related anatomic changes. Methods: Five disabled and treatment-resistant patients with major depression (n = 4) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 1) underwent stereotactic bilateral anterior capsulotomy. All patients had postoperative MRI at 2 months and at 1–4 years after surgery. An additional patient who had a pure motor deficit following a spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhagic stroke was imaged as a comparator. Results: The 2-month postcapsulotomy MRI showed a previously undescribed increase in T₁-weighted signal within similar neural pathways for each patient. These pathways showed no changes in T₂-weighted or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences. The signal changes are different from the expected changes associated with anterograde Wallerian degeneration and identify retrograde changes in the proximal segment of the interrupted axon. Conclusion: Previously undescribed T₁-weighted signal alterations following stereotactic surgery identify retrograde non-Wallerian changes in interrupted axons and provide a new method in identifying and tracing lesioned pathways.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Tract Identification by Novel MRI Signal Changes following Stereotactic Anterior Capsulotomy

Hurwitz¹,

Mandat

Forster³

et al. 2006

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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“…the 19th century (von Monakow, 1895), and were investigated further in numerous studies using primates (Clark & Boggon, 1935;Crouch, 1940;Freeman & Watts, 1947;Mettler, 1947;Meyer, Beck & McLardy, 1947;Minkowski, 1923;Rutishauser, 1899;Sachs, 1909;Walker, 1940) and in a few studies employing cats (Clark & Boggon, 1933;Sachs, 1909;Waller, 1940;Waller & Barris, 1937) and rats (Clark, 1932;Clark & Boggon, 1933;Krieg, 1947;Lashley, 1941). Warren, Warren, and Akert (1962) reviewed earlier behavioral "frontal cortex" research in mammalia of different species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The prefrontal cortex: Projection area of the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus?

Markowitsch

Pritzel

1979

Psychobiology

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“…and inhibition of spindle activity in the sleep EEG., the site of action of butaperazine and other piperazine-phenothiazines was also postulated to be on the reticular formation at brainstem level (1, 13). Since studies in man and animals have shown that the frontal lobotomy operation may result in thalamocortical dysfunction and thalamic degeneration (8,10,18,19,21,24,25), in our case, the functional interaction between thalamus, basal ganglia, and reticular formation was already disturbed by possible degenerative changes in the thalamus. It would seem reasonable to suggest, therefore, that the episodes of akinetic mutism were associated with drug-induced functional alterations in the reticular formation at brainstem or thalamic level as a result of thalamic dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%