Retrofitting coal‐fired power plants with biomass co‐firing and carbon capture and storage for net zero carbon emission: A plant‐by‐plant assessment framework

Abstract

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Quantifying Stability in Inverter-based Weak Grids in the Presence of Synchronous Condensers

“…A straightforward norm for an AC system can be derived based on the magnitude of L and applying Gershgorin's theorem (Gnorm criterion). Since L is a 2 × 2 matrix, the characteristic loci satisfies the Nyquist criterion if the largest magnitude is restricted to less than 1 2 for all frequencies. Therefore, if G-norm of L is less than 1 2 for all frequencies, the integration of an IBR to a system is stable.…”

“…Since L is a 2 × 2 matrix, the characteristic loci satisfies the Nyquist criterion if the largest magnitude is restricted to less than 1 2 for all frequencies. Therefore, if G-norm of L is less than 1 2 for all frequencies, the integration of an IBR to a system is stable. The G-norm of the matrix L is defined as…”

“…C LIMATE change and environmental challenges alongside the declining price of renewable energy resources such as wind and solar energy are encouraging countries to achieve net-zero carbon emission [1]- [3]. Traditional fossil fuel-based power plants are mainly based on synchronous machines that provide inertia because of their rotor mass and increase shortcircuit level in power systems.…”

Understanding the complexity of existing fossil fuel power plant decarbonization

“…Biomass utilization in power generation is considered carbon-neutral owing to the atmospheric CO 2 removal capability of biomass. Biomass co-firing in coal power plants (up to 30%) has been proved possible without largely modifying the existing infrastructure ( Wang et al., 2021 ; Xing et al., 2021 ). Based on the latest IPCC estimation a 100EJ annual primary energy generation from biomass potential could be expected ( AR6 Climate Change, 2022, n.d. ), however, the debate around biomass food-energy-environment trilemma has not stopped over the past decades ( Heimann, 2019 ; Sayed et al., 2021 ; Tilman et al., 2009 ).…”

Alternative Pathway to Phase Down Coal Power and Achieve Negative Emission in China

“…In fact, simply phasing out coal is still inadequate to keep the temperature rise limit goals within reach. In the context of large-scale electrification in the future, many studies agree that the power sector would be required to achieve negative emission with the help of bio-energy with carbon capture storage (BECCS). − Consequently, several studies have begun to explore the feasibility of achieving negative emission by retrofitting existing coal power units as biomass and coal co-firing power units with carbon capture and storage (BCP-CCS). − By utilizing the existing infrastructure, this approach can prevent the original coal power units from forced shutdowns, avoid above-mentioned side-effects, and may help the coal power sector achieve net-zero or even negative emission. However, the answer to how much negative CO 2 emission potential this approach can achieve in the coal power sector and the corresponding cost is still not clear.…”